The Local Anaesthetic Procaine Prodrugs ProcCluster<sup>®</sup> and Procaine Hydrochloride Impair SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Egress In Vitro
As vaccination efforts against SARS-CoV-2 progress in many countries, there is still an urgent need for efficient antiviral treatment strategies for those with severer disease courses, and lately, considerable efforts have been undertaken to repurpose existing drugs as antivirals. The local anaesthe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14584 |
| _version_ | 1797575844010393600 |
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| author | Clio Häring Johannes Jungwirth Josefine Schroeder Bettina Löffler Beatrice Engert Christina Ehrhardt |
| author_facet | Clio Häring Johannes Jungwirth Josefine Schroeder Bettina Löffler Beatrice Engert Christina Ehrhardt |
| author_sort | Clio Häring |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As vaccination efforts against SARS-CoV-2 progress in many countries, there is still an urgent need for efficient antiviral treatment strategies for those with severer disease courses, and lately, considerable efforts have been undertaken to repurpose existing drugs as antivirals. The local anaesthetic procaine has been investigated for antiviral properties against several viruses over the past decades. Here, we present data on the inhibitory effect of the procaine prodrugs ProcCluster<sup>®</sup> and procaine hydrochloride on SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Both procaine prodrugs limit SARS-CoV-2 progeny virus titres as well as reduce interferon and cytokine responses in a proportional manner to the virus load. The addition of procaine during the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle in a cell culture first limits the production of subgenomic RNA transcripts, and later affects the replication of the viral genomic RNA. Interestingly, procaine additionally exerts a prominent effect on SARS-CoV-2 progeny virus release when added late during the replication cycle, when viral RNA production and protein production are already largely completed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:44:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c107471c19884adcba28c26b5c839604 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:44:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c107471c19884adcba28c26b5c8396042023-11-19T14:28:44ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-09-0124191458410.3390/ijms241914584The Local Anaesthetic Procaine Prodrugs ProcCluster<sup>®</sup> and Procaine Hydrochloride Impair SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Egress In VitroClio Häring0Johannes Jungwirth1Josefine Schroeder2Bettina Löffler3Beatrice Engert4Christina Ehrhardt5Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, GermanySection of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, GermanySection of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, GermanyInflamed Pharma GmbH, 07745 Jena, GermanySection of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, GermanyAs vaccination efforts against SARS-CoV-2 progress in many countries, there is still an urgent need for efficient antiviral treatment strategies for those with severer disease courses, and lately, considerable efforts have been undertaken to repurpose existing drugs as antivirals. The local anaesthetic procaine has been investigated for antiviral properties against several viruses over the past decades. Here, we present data on the inhibitory effect of the procaine prodrugs ProcCluster<sup>®</sup> and procaine hydrochloride on SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Both procaine prodrugs limit SARS-CoV-2 progeny virus titres as well as reduce interferon and cytokine responses in a proportional manner to the virus load. The addition of procaine during the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle in a cell culture first limits the production of subgenomic RNA transcripts, and later affects the replication of the viral genomic RNA. Interestingly, procaine additionally exerts a prominent effect on SARS-CoV-2 progeny virus release when added late during the replication cycle, when viral RNA production and protein production are already largely completed.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14584SARS-CoV-2local anaestheticsprocaineantivirals |
| spellingShingle | Clio Häring Johannes Jungwirth Josefine Schroeder Bettina Löffler Beatrice Engert Christina Ehrhardt The Local Anaesthetic Procaine Prodrugs ProcCluster<sup>®</sup> and Procaine Hydrochloride Impair SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Egress In Vitro International Journal of Molecular Sciences SARS-CoV-2 local anaesthetics procaine antivirals |
| title | The Local Anaesthetic Procaine Prodrugs ProcCluster<sup>®</sup> and Procaine Hydrochloride Impair SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Egress In Vitro |
| title_full | The Local Anaesthetic Procaine Prodrugs ProcCluster<sup>®</sup> and Procaine Hydrochloride Impair SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Egress In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | The Local Anaesthetic Procaine Prodrugs ProcCluster<sup>®</sup> and Procaine Hydrochloride Impair SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Egress In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Local Anaesthetic Procaine Prodrugs ProcCluster<sup>®</sup> and Procaine Hydrochloride Impair SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Egress In Vitro |
| title_short | The Local Anaesthetic Procaine Prodrugs ProcCluster<sup>®</sup> and Procaine Hydrochloride Impair SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Egress In Vitro |
| title_sort | local anaesthetic procaine prodrugs proccluster sup r sup and procaine hydrochloride impair sars cov 2 replication and egress in vitro |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 local anaesthetics procaine antivirals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14584 |
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