Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide
Tin tetrachloride (SnCl<sub>4</sub>) as a coagulant and rubber seed (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>) (RS), and polyacrylamide (PAM) as the coagulant aid were investigated in this work to treat matured and stabilised landfill leachate rich in COD and colour. A standard jar test was...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3062 |
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| author | Siti Fatihah Ramli Hamidi Abdul Aziz Fatehah Mohd Omar Mohd Suffian Yusoff Herni Halim Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin Kamar Shah Ariffin Yung-Tse Hung |
| author_facet | Siti Fatihah Ramli Hamidi Abdul Aziz Fatehah Mohd Omar Mohd Suffian Yusoff Herni Halim Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin Kamar Shah Ariffin Yung-Tse Hung |
| author_sort | Siti Fatihah Ramli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tin tetrachloride (SnCl<sub>4</sub>) as a coagulant and rubber seed (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>) (RS), and polyacrylamide (PAM) as the coagulant aid were investigated in this work to treat matured and stabilised landfill leachate rich in COD and colour. A standard jar test was conducted at different pH values and dosages of coagulant/coagulant aid. When SnCl<sub>4</sub> acted as the primary coagulant, the optimum conditions occurred at pH 8 and 10,000 mg/L dosages, with 97.3% and 81% reductions of colour and COD, respectively. Both RS and PAM were not effective when used alone. When RS was used as the coagulant aid, the dosage of SnCl<sub>4</sub> was reduced to 8000 mg/L. The colour reduction was maintained at 97.6%, but the COD removal dropped to 43.1%. In comparison, when PAM was supplemented into 6000 mg/L SnCl<sub>4</sub>, the reduction in colour was maintained at 97.6%, and the COD removal was almost at par when SnCl<sub>4</sub> was used alone. The addition of polymers as the coagulant aid helped in improving the sludge properties with a better settling rate (SSR) and larger flocs size. The decline of the SVI value indicates that less amount of sludge will be disposed of after the treatment. In addition, the rise of settling velocity (SSR) will reduce the size of the settling tank used in coagulation-flocculation treatment. Based on the results, it can be concluded that incorporation of coagulant aid into the treatment reduced the primary coagulant dosage without affecting the removal performances of pollutants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:49:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c10f1dda0d7f41cb86d5c50fdba7aed7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:49:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-c10f1dda0d7f41cb86d5c50fdba7aed72023-11-22T21:54:44ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-11-011321306210.3390/w13213062Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and PolyacrylamideSiti Fatihah Ramli0Hamidi Abdul Aziz1Fatehah Mohd Omar2Mohd Suffian Yusoff3Herni Halim4Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin5Kamar Shah Ariffin6Yung-Tse Hung7School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaSchool of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaSchool of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaSchool of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaSchool of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaSchool of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USATin tetrachloride (SnCl<sub>4</sub>) as a coagulant and rubber seed (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>) (RS), and polyacrylamide (PAM) as the coagulant aid were investigated in this work to treat matured and stabilised landfill leachate rich in COD and colour. A standard jar test was conducted at different pH values and dosages of coagulant/coagulant aid. When SnCl<sub>4</sub> acted as the primary coagulant, the optimum conditions occurred at pH 8 and 10,000 mg/L dosages, with 97.3% and 81% reductions of colour and COD, respectively. Both RS and PAM were not effective when used alone. When RS was used as the coagulant aid, the dosage of SnCl<sub>4</sub> was reduced to 8000 mg/L. The colour reduction was maintained at 97.6%, but the COD removal dropped to 43.1%. In comparison, when PAM was supplemented into 6000 mg/L SnCl<sub>4</sub>, the reduction in colour was maintained at 97.6%, and the COD removal was almost at par when SnCl<sub>4</sub> was used alone. The addition of polymers as the coagulant aid helped in improving the sludge properties with a better settling rate (SSR) and larger flocs size. The decline of the SVI value indicates that less amount of sludge will be disposed of after the treatment. In addition, the rise of settling velocity (SSR) will reduce the size of the settling tank used in coagulation-flocculation treatment. Based on the results, it can be concluded that incorporation of coagulant aid into the treatment reduced the primary coagulant dosage without affecting the removal performances of pollutants.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3062coagulationflocculationcoagulant aidcolourchemical oxygen demandsolid waste |
| spellingShingle | Siti Fatihah Ramli Hamidi Abdul Aziz Fatehah Mohd Omar Mohd Suffian Yusoff Herni Halim Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin Kamar Shah Ariffin Yung-Tse Hung Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide Water coagulation flocculation coagulant aid colour chemical oxygen demand solid waste |
| title | Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide |
| title_full | Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide |
| title_fullStr | Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide |
| title_short | Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide |
| title_sort | reduction of cod and highly coloured mature landfill leachate by tin tetrachloride with rubber seed and polyacrylamide |
| topic | coagulation flocculation coagulant aid colour chemical oxygen demand solid waste |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3062 |
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