WHISPER: Wireless Home Identification and Sensing Platform for Energy Reduction
Many regions of the world benefit from heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to provide productive, comfortable, and healthy indoor environments, which are enabled by automatic building controls. Due to climate change, population growth, and industrialization, HVAC use is globall...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/10/4/71 |
| _version_ | 1797503137445052416 |
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| author | Margarite Jacoby Sin Yong Tan Mohamad Katanbaf Ali Saffari Homagni Saha Zerina Kapetanovic Jasmine Garland Anthony Florita Gregor Henze Soumik Sarkar Joshua Smith |
| author_facet | Margarite Jacoby Sin Yong Tan Mohamad Katanbaf Ali Saffari Homagni Saha Zerina Kapetanovic Jasmine Garland Anthony Florita Gregor Henze Soumik Sarkar Joshua Smith |
| author_sort | Margarite Jacoby |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many regions of the world benefit from heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to provide productive, comfortable, and healthy indoor environments, which are enabled by automatic building controls. Due to climate change, population growth, and industrialization, HVAC use is globally on the rise. Unfortunately, these systems often operate in a continuous fashion without regard to actual human presence, leading to unnecessary energy consumption. As a result, the heating, ventilation, and cooling of unoccupied building spaces makes a substantial contribution to the harmful environmental impacts associated with carbon-based electric power generation, which is important to remedy. For our modern electric power system, transitioning to low-carbon renewable energy is facilitated by integration with distributed energy resources. Automatic engagement between the grid and consumers will be necessary to enable a clean yet stable electric grid, when integrating these variable and uncertain renewable energy sources. We present the WHISPER (Wireless Home Identification and Sensing Platform for Energy Reduction) system to address the energy and power demand triggered by human presence in homes. The presented system includes a maintenance-free and privacy-preserving human occupancy detection system wherein a local wireless network of battery-free environmental, acoustic energy, and image sensors are deployed to monitor homes, record empirical data for a range of monitored modalities, and transmit it to a base station. Several machine learning algorithms are implemented at the base station to infer human presence based on the received data, harnessing a hierarchical sensor fusion algorithm. Results from the prototype system demonstrate an accuracy in human presence detection in excess of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>95</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>; ongoing commercialization efforts suggest approximately 99% accuracy. Using machine learning, WHISPER enables various applications based on its binary occupancy prediction, allowing situation-specific controls targeted at both personalized smart home and electric grid modernization opportunities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:46:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c114bd5d2b8c4bb78d28f05356525360 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2224-2708 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:46:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks |
| spelling | doaj.art-c114bd5d2b8c4bb78d28f053565253602023-11-23T09:09:09ZengMDPI AGJournal of Sensor and Actuator Networks2224-27082021-12-011047110.3390/jsan10040071WHISPER: Wireless Home Identification and Sensing Platform for Energy ReductionMargarite Jacoby0Sin Yong Tan1Mohamad Katanbaf2Ali Saffari3Homagni Saha4Zerina Kapetanovic5Jasmine Garland6Anthony Florita7Gregor Henze8Soumik Sarkar9Joshua Smith10Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADepartment of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USANational Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USADepartment of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USAMany regions of the world benefit from heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to provide productive, comfortable, and healthy indoor environments, which are enabled by automatic building controls. Due to climate change, population growth, and industrialization, HVAC use is globally on the rise. Unfortunately, these systems often operate in a continuous fashion without regard to actual human presence, leading to unnecessary energy consumption. As a result, the heating, ventilation, and cooling of unoccupied building spaces makes a substantial contribution to the harmful environmental impacts associated with carbon-based electric power generation, which is important to remedy. For our modern electric power system, transitioning to low-carbon renewable energy is facilitated by integration with distributed energy resources. Automatic engagement between the grid and consumers will be necessary to enable a clean yet stable electric grid, when integrating these variable and uncertain renewable energy sources. We present the WHISPER (Wireless Home Identification and Sensing Platform for Energy Reduction) system to address the energy and power demand triggered by human presence in homes. The presented system includes a maintenance-free and privacy-preserving human occupancy detection system wherein a local wireless network of battery-free environmental, acoustic energy, and image sensors are deployed to monitor homes, record empirical data for a range of monitored modalities, and transmit it to a base station. Several machine learning algorithms are implemented at the base station to infer human presence based on the received data, harnessing a hierarchical sensor fusion algorithm. Results from the prototype system demonstrate an accuracy in human presence detection in excess of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>95</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>; ongoing commercialization efforts suggest approximately 99% accuracy. Using machine learning, WHISPER enables various applications based on its binary occupancy prediction, allowing situation-specific controls targeted at both personalized smart home and electric grid modernization opportunities.https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/10/4/71residential building energy consumptionoccupancy detectionedge computingembedded systemsimage detectionresidential IoT |
| spellingShingle | Margarite Jacoby Sin Yong Tan Mohamad Katanbaf Ali Saffari Homagni Saha Zerina Kapetanovic Jasmine Garland Anthony Florita Gregor Henze Soumik Sarkar Joshua Smith WHISPER: Wireless Home Identification and Sensing Platform for Energy Reduction Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks residential building energy consumption occupancy detection edge computing embedded systems image detection residential IoT |
| title | WHISPER: Wireless Home Identification and Sensing Platform for Energy Reduction |
| title_full | WHISPER: Wireless Home Identification and Sensing Platform for Energy Reduction |
| title_fullStr | WHISPER: Wireless Home Identification and Sensing Platform for Energy Reduction |
| title_full_unstemmed | WHISPER: Wireless Home Identification and Sensing Platform for Energy Reduction |
| title_short | WHISPER: Wireless Home Identification and Sensing Platform for Energy Reduction |
| title_sort | whisper wireless home identification and sensing platform for energy reduction |
| topic | residential building energy consumption occupancy detection edge computing embedded systems image detection residential IoT |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/10/4/71 |
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