New Alternative to Control <i>Stenoma impressella</i> (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) Using <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Commercial Formulations in Oil Palm Crops
Using chemical insecticides in IPM is possible and could be sustainable. To find a sustainable alternative to control <i>S. impressella</i>, we assessed the biological activities of five commercial formulations of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>. First, these formulations were...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/883 |
| _version_ | 1797437326049148928 |
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| author | Luis Guillermo Montes-Bazurto Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey Anuar Morales |
| author_facet | Luis Guillermo Montes-Bazurto Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey Anuar Morales |
| author_sort | Luis Guillermo Montes-Bazurto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Using chemical insecticides in IPM is possible and could be sustainable. To find a sustainable alternative to control <i>S. impressella</i>, we assessed the biological activities of five commercial formulations of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>. First, these formulations were evaluated under laboratory conditions. No differences were observed between the commercial formulations Bt_A_1, BT_K_2, and Bt_K_3. Then, the three formulations were compared in further experiments. This bioassay was performed under field conditions in palms naturally infested by <i>S. impressella</i>, and differences in larval mortality rates were observed between commercial formulations. The mortality rates caused by Bt_A_1 and BT_K_3 did not significantly differ. The third step evaluated different doses of Bt_A_1 and BT_K_3 formulations (250, 500, 750, and 1000 g/Ha) under field conditions. Seven days after spraying, differences were only observed between Bt_A_1 and BT_K_3 and the control. Finally, these two formulations were evaluated under field conditions. The mortality rates caused by Bt_A_1 and BT_K_3 were 77.2% and 85.3%, respectively. These findings show that commercial formulations of <i>B. thuringiensis</i> subsp. aizawai (Bt_A_1) and <i>B. thuringiensis</i> var. <i>aizawai</i> (BT_K_3) exhibit high biological activities against <i>S. impressella</i> larvae and can be included in the integrated management of <i>S. impressella</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:17:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1192c0103dc44d9b6bd5effd6779281 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:17:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1192c0103dc44d9b6bd5effd67792812023-12-01T00:27:36ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-04-0112488310.3390/agronomy12040883New Alternative to Control <i>Stenoma impressella</i> (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) Using <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Commercial Formulations in Oil Palm CropsLuis Guillermo Montes-Bazurto0Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey1Anuar Morales2Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries Centre de Cabrils, 08348 Cabrils, SpainPest and Disease Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá 111211, ColombiaPest and Disease Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá 111211, ColombiaUsing chemical insecticides in IPM is possible and could be sustainable. To find a sustainable alternative to control <i>S. impressella</i>, we assessed the biological activities of five commercial formulations of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>. First, these formulations were evaluated under laboratory conditions. No differences were observed between the commercial formulations Bt_A_1, BT_K_2, and Bt_K_3. Then, the three formulations were compared in further experiments. This bioassay was performed under field conditions in palms naturally infested by <i>S. impressella</i>, and differences in larval mortality rates were observed between commercial formulations. The mortality rates caused by Bt_A_1 and BT_K_3 did not significantly differ. The third step evaluated different doses of Bt_A_1 and BT_K_3 formulations (250, 500, 750, and 1000 g/Ha) under field conditions. Seven days after spraying, differences were only observed between Bt_A_1 and BT_K_3 and the control. Finally, these two formulations were evaluated under field conditions. The mortality rates caused by Bt_A_1 and BT_K_3 were 77.2% and 85.3%, respectively. These findings show that commercial formulations of <i>B. thuringiensis</i> subsp. aizawai (Bt_A_1) and <i>B. thuringiensis</i> var. <i>aizawai</i> (BT_K_3) exhibit high biological activities against <i>S. impressella</i> larvae and can be included in the integrated management of <i>S. impressella</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/883<i>Stenoma cecropia</i>biological controlhybrid palmoil palm<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>Colombia |
| spellingShingle | Luis Guillermo Montes-Bazurto Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey Anuar Morales New Alternative to Control <i>Stenoma impressella</i> (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) Using <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Commercial Formulations in Oil Palm Crops Agronomy <i>Stenoma cecropia</i> biological control hybrid palm oil palm <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Colombia |
| title | New Alternative to Control <i>Stenoma impressella</i> (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) Using <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Commercial Formulations in Oil Palm Crops |
| title_full | New Alternative to Control <i>Stenoma impressella</i> (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) Using <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Commercial Formulations in Oil Palm Crops |
| title_fullStr | New Alternative to Control <i>Stenoma impressella</i> (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) Using <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Commercial Formulations in Oil Palm Crops |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Alternative to Control <i>Stenoma impressella</i> (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) Using <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Commercial Formulations in Oil Palm Crops |
| title_short | New Alternative to Control <i>Stenoma impressella</i> (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) Using <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Commercial Formulations in Oil Palm Crops |
| title_sort | new alternative to control i stenoma impressella i lepidoptera elachistidae using i bacillus thuringiensis i commercial formulations in oil palm crops |
| topic | <i>Stenoma cecropia</i> biological control hybrid palm oil palm <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Colombia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/883 |
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