Next Forwarding Node Selection in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs): Techniques and Challenges
The underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is considered a promising technology for collecting valuable data from underwater areas, particularly for aiding military operations and environmental predictions. UWSNs consist of underwater sensor nodes that have limited energy and use acoustics for co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-12-01
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| Series: | Information |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/1/3 |
| _version_ | 1818450783543230464 |
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| author | Ahmad Khasawneh Muhammad Shafie Bin Abd Latiff Omprakash Kaiwartya Hassan Chizari |
| author_facet | Ahmad Khasawneh Muhammad Shafie Bin Abd Latiff Omprakash Kaiwartya Hassan Chizari |
| author_sort | Ahmad Khasawneh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is considered a promising technology for collecting valuable data from underwater areas, particularly for aiding military operations and environmental predictions. UWSNs consist of underwater sensor nodes that have limited energy and use acoustics for communication. Routing in underwater sensor nodes is one of the challenging issues in UWSNs because of the need to forward data packets with minimal energy consumption and a high packet delivery ratio. Selecting the next forwarding nodes is one of the key components of routing in UWSNs and has a direct effect on energy consumption and the packet delivery ratio. Therefore, this problem has gained much attention from the research community with the intent of enhancing the performance of UWSNs. This paper qualitatively reviews routing protocols for UWSNs, focusing on the next-hop selection method and its strengths and weaknesses. A taxonomy is presented for reviewing routing protocols under different categories of the classification. A summary of the qualitative investigation is presented highlighting aims, the next-hop selection method, metrics, and priority considerations. A comprehensive investigation is carried out focusing on energy, link quality, void awareness, reliability, and shortest path characteristics. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions in UWSNs for forwarding node selection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:56:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c11aa8d43ef048dc83377a2c27b9b84e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2078-2489 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:56:47Z |
| publishDate | 2016-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Information |
| spelling | doaj.art-c11aa8d43ef048dc83377a2c27b9b84e2022-12-21T22:47:40ZengMDPI AGInformation2078-24892016-12-0181310.3390/info8010003info8010003Next Forwarding Node Selection in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs): Techniques and ChallengesAhmad Khasawneh0Muhammad Shafie Bin Abd Latiff1Omprakash Kaiwartya2Hassan Chizari3Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, MalaysiaThe underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is considered a promising technology for collecting valuable data from underwater areas, particularly for aiding military operations and environmental predictions. UWSNs consist of underwater sensor nodes that have limited energy and use acoustics for communication. Routing in underwater sensor nodes is one of the challenging issues in UWSNs because of the need to forward data packets with minimal energy consumption and a high packet delivery ratio. Selecting the next forwarding nodes is one of the key components of routing in UWSNs and has a direct effect on energy consumption and the packet delivery ratio. Therefore, this problem has gained much attention from the research community with the intent of enhancing the performance of UWSNs. This paper qualitatively reviews routing protocols for UWSNs, focusing on the next-hop selection method and its strengths and weaknesses. A taxonomy is presented for reviewing routing protocols under different categories of the classification. A summary of the qualitative investigation is presented highlighting aims, the next-hop selection method, metrics, and priority considerations. A comprehensive investigation is carried out focusing on energy, link quality, void awareness, reliability, and shortest path characteristics. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions in UWSNs for forwarding node selection.http://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/1/3energy consumptionforwarding selectionroutingunderwater wireless sensor networkvoid-aware |
| spellingShingle | Ahmad Khasawneh Muhammad Shafie Bin Abd Latiff Omprakash Kaiwartya Hassan Chizari Next Forwarding Node Selection in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs): Techniques and Challenges Information energy consumption forwarding selection routing underwater wireless sensor network void-aware |
| title | Next Forwarding Node Selection in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs): Techniques and Challenges |
| title_full | Next Forwarding Node Selection in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs): Techniques and Challenges |
| title_fullStr | Next Forwarding Node Selection in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs): Techniques and Challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | Next Forwarding Node Selection in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs): Techniques and Challenges |
| title_short | Next Forwarding Node Selection in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs): Techniques and Challenges |
| title_sort | next forwarding node selection in underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns techniques and challenges |
| topic | energy consumption forwarding selection routing underwater wireless sensor network void-aware |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/1/3 |
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