Controlling insects in stored grain by disturbing the grain
Insects can cause damage to stored grain, especially on smallholder farms in the tropics. Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil, MW) and Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer, LGB) are often involved. Our objective was to determine, by four experiments, if physical disturbance of grain can control the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | deu |
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Julius Kühn-Institut
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Julius-Kühn-Archiv |
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| Online Access: | https://www.openagrar.de/receive/openagrar_mods_00078159 |
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| author | Bern, Carl Bbosa, Denis Brumm, Thomas Suleiman, Rashid Rosentrater, Kurt Rau, Tyler Maier, Dirk Barnes, Rachael Friedmann, Michelle |
| author_facet | Bern, Carl Bbosa, Denis Brumm, Thomas Suleiman, Rashid Rosentrater, Kurt Rau, Tyler Maier, Dirk Barnes, Rachael Friedmann, Michelle |
| author_sort | Bern, Carl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Insects can cause damage to stored grain, especially on smallholder farms in the tropics. Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil, MW) and Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer, LGB) are often involved. Our objective was to determine, by four experiments, if physical disturbance of grain can control these pests. In Experiment 1, 2.6-L unsealed recycled coffee cans were each loaded with 1 kg of maize and 25 live adult MW/kg. Every 12 h, disturbed treatment cans were manually rolled through one circumference. After 160 d, live MW numbers had been reduced by 93% compared to undisturbed cans. In Experiment 2, MW-infested maize was placed in 20-L plastic cans and stored by farmers in Tanzania. Each farmer had three cans. Two were disturbed by shaking morning and evening and the third was left undisturbed. After 90 d, MW populations had increased in the undisturbed containers, but had decreased to zero in every disturbed container. In Experiments 3 (and 4), maize (wheat) infested with 25 adult MW/kg (LGB/kg) was placed in six boxes. Three of the boxes were disturbed every 12 h by use of Sukup motor-driven grain stirrers; the other three were undisturbed. After 120 days, MW numbers in undisturbed boxes had increased, but were zero in stirred boxes. In Experiment 4, 80-d samples showed increased numbers of LGB in undisturbed boxes but reductions of over 98% in stirred boxes. Quality of disturbed grain was similar or better than that of undisturbed grain. This work suggests that grain disturbance may be an effective non-chemical, non-hermetic physical approach for control of stored grain insects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:07:19Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1868-9892 2199-921X |
| language | deu |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:07:19Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | Julius Kühn-Institut |
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| series | Julius-Kühn-Archiv |
| spelling | doaj.art-c12993fcacc34473b41b69944b5e5d3d2023-12-04T05:56:11ZdeuJulius Kühn-InstitutJulius-Kühn-Archiv1868-98922199-921X2018-11-01463133734210.5073/jka.2018.463.078Controlling insects in stored grain by disturbing the grainBern, Carl0Bbosa, Denis1Brumm, Thomas2Suleiman, Rashid3Rosentrater, Kurt4Rau, Tyler5Maier, Dirk6Barnes, Rachael7Friedmann, Michelle8Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa USAIowa State University, Ames, Iowa USAIowa State University, Ames, Iowa USASokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TanzaniaIowa State University, Ames, Iowa USASukup Manufacturing Company, Sheffield, Iowa USAIowa State University, Ames, Iowa USAIowa State University, Ames, Iowa USAIowa State University, Ames, Iowa USAInsects can cause damage to stored grain, especially on smallholder farms in the tropics. Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil, MW) and Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer, LGB) are often involved. Our objective was to determine, by four experiments, if physical disturbance of grain can control these pests. In Experiment 1, 2.6-L unsealed recycled coffee cans were each loaded with 1 kg of maize and 25 live adult MW/kg. Every 12 h, disturbed treatment cans were manually rolled through one circumference. After 160 d, live MW numbers had been reduced by 93% compared to undisturbed cans. In Experiment 2, MW-infested maize was placed in 20-L plastic cans and stored by farmers in Tanzania. Each farmer had three cans. Two were disturbed by shaking morning and evening and the third was left undisturbed. After 90 d, MW populations had increased in the undisturbed containers, but had decreased to zero in every disturbed container. In Experiments 3 (and 4), maize (wheat) infested with 25 adult MW/kg (LGB/kg) was placed in six boxes. Three of the boxes were disturbed every 12 h by use of Sukup motor-driven grain stirrers; the other three were undisturbed. After 120 days, MW numbers in undisturbed boxes had increased, but were zero in stirred boxes. In Experiment 4, 80-d samples showed increased numbers of LGB in undisturbed boxes but reductions of over 98% in stirred boxes. Quality of disturbed grain was similar or better than that of undisturbed grain. This work suggests that grain disturbance may be an effective non-chemical, non-hermetic physical approach for control of stored grain insects.https://www.openagrar.de/receive/openagrar_mods_00078159maizewheatmaize weevillesser grain borergrain disturbancepostharvest loss |
| spellingShingle | Bern, Carl Bbosa, Denis Brumm, Thomas Suleiman, Rashid Rosentrater, Kurt Rau, Tyler Maier, Dirk Barnes, Rachael Friedmann, Michelle Controlling insects in stored grain by disturbing the grain Julius-Kühn-Archiv maize wheat maize weevil lesser grain borer grain disturbance postharvest loss |
| title | Controlling insects in stored grain by disturbing the grain |
| title_full | Controlling insects in stored grain by disturbing the grain |
| title_fullStr | Controlling insects in stored grain by disturbing the grain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Controlling insects in stored grain by disturbing the grain |
| title_short | Controlling insects in stored grain by disturbing the grain |
| title_sort | controlling insects in stored grain by disturbing the grain |
| topic | maize wheat maize weevil lesser grain borer grain disturbance postharvest loss |
| url | https://www.openagrar.de/receive/openagrar_mods_00078159 |
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