The Application of the γ-Re<i><sub>θt</sub></i> Transition Model Using Sustaining Turbulence
The freestream turbulence intensity is an important parameter for Tollmien–Schlichting waves and is also used as one of the key variables for the local- and transport-equation-based transition model in the simulations. To obtain the similar turbulence level in the vicinity to the aircraft as the tur...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6491 |
| _version_ | 1797495491678699520 |
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| author | Meihong Zhang Shengyang Nie Xiaoxuan Meng Yingtao Zuo |
| author_facet | Meihong Zhang Shengyang Nie Xiaoxuan Meng Yingtao Zuo |
| author_sort | Meihong Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The freestream turbulence intensity is an important parameter for Tollmien–Schlichting waves and is also used as one of the key variables for the local- and transport-equation-based transition model in the simulations. To obtain the similar turbulence level in the vicinity to the aircraft as the turbulence intensity measured in a wind tunnel or in free-flight conditions, the sustaining turbulence term can be used for the transition model. It is important to investigate the model behavior when the sustaining turbulence is coupled with the frequently used SST-variants for transitional flows. Additionally, it is essential to obtain a nearly independent solution using the same transition model for different users on different meshes with similar grid resolution for purposes of verification and validation. So far, the relevant work has not been performed sufficiently and the sustaining turbulence technology introduces non-independent results into the freestream values. Thus, a modified sustaining turbulence approach is adopted and investigated in several test cases, including a computational effort on NACA0021 test case at 10 angles of attack. The results indicate that the modified sustaining turbulence in conjunction with the SST-2003 turbulence model yields results nearly independent to the freestream value of <i>ω</i> for the prediction of both streamwise and crossflow transition for two-dimensional flows without increasing computational effort too much. For three-dimensional flow, the sensitivity to initial value of ω is reduced significantly as well in comparison to the SST-based transition model, and it is highly recommended to use present sustaining turbulence technology in conjunction with the SST-2003-based transition model for engineering applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:50:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c12c5387b33a4d3ba00644d754d75916 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:50:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-c12c5387b33a4d3ba00644d754d759162023-11-23T13:07:02ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-09-011517649110.3390/en15176491The Application of the γ-Re<i><sub>θt</sub></i> Transition Model Using Sustaining TurbulenceMeihong Zhang0Shengyang Nie1Xiaoxuan Meng2Yingtao Zuo3Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd., Shanghai 200126, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaSchool of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, ChinaSchool of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, ChinaThe freestream turbulence intensity is an important parameter for Tollmien–Schlichting waves and is also used as one of the key variables for the local- and transport-equation-based transition model in the simulations. To obtain the similar turbulence level in the vicinity to the aircraft as the turbulence intensity measured in a wind tunnel or in free-flight conditions, the sustaining turbulence term can be used for the transition model. It is important to investigate the model behavior when the sustaining turbulence is coupled with the frequently used SST-variants for transitional flows. Additionally, it is essential to obtain a nearly independent solution using the same transition model for different users on different meshes with similar grid resolution for purposes of verification and validation. So far, the relevant work has not been performed sufficiently and the sustaining turbulence technology introduces non-independent results into the freestream values. Thus, a modified sustaining turbulence approach is adopted and investigated in several test cases, including a computational effort on NACA0021 test case at 10 angles of attack. The results indicate that the modified sustaining turbulence in conjunction with the SST-2003 turbulence model yields results nearly independent to the freestream value of <i>ω</i> for the prediction of both streamwise and crossflow transition for two-dimensional flows without increasing computational effort too much. For three-dimensional flow, the sensitivity to initial value of ω is reduced significantly as well in comparison to the SST-based transition model, and it is highly recommended to use present sustaining turbulence technology in conjunction with the SST-2003-based transition model for engineering applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6491freestream turbulence intensitysustaining turbulenceSST-variantstransition modelindependent solution |
| spellingShingle | Meihong Zhang Shengyang Nie Xiaoxuan Meng Yingtao Zuo The Application of the γ-Re<i><sub>θt</sub></i> Transition Model Using Sustaining Turbulence Energies freestream turbulence intensity sustaining turbulence SST-variants transition model independent solution |
| title | The Application of the γ-Re<i><sub>θt</sub></i> Transition Model Using Sustaining Turbulence |
| title_full | The Application of the γ-Re<i><sub>θt</sub></i> Transition Model Using Sustaining Turbulence |
| title_fullStr | The Application of the γ-Re<i><sub>θt</sub></i> Transition Model Using Sustaining Turbulence |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Application of the γ-Re<i><sub>θt</sub></i> Transition Model Using Sustaining Turbulence |
| title_short | The Application of the γ-Re<i><sub>θt</sub></i> Transition Model Using Sustaining Turbulence |
| title_sort | application of the γ re i sub θt sub i transition model using sustaining turbulence |
| topic | freestream turbulence intensity sustaining turbulence SST-variants transition model independent solution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6491 |
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