Anionic Dye Removal Using a Date Palm Seed-Derived Activated Carbon/Chitosan Polymer Microbead Biocomposite
The discharge of textile wastewater into aquatic streams is considered a major challenge due to its effect on the water ecosystem. Direct blue 78 (DB78) dye has a complex structure. Therefore, it is difficult to separate it from industrial wastewater. In this study, carbon obtained from the pyrolysi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/12/2503 |
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| author | Hani Hussain Sait Ahmed Hussain Mohamed Bassyouni Imtiaz Ali Ramesh Kanthasamy Bamidele Victor Ayodele Yasser Elhenawy |
| author_facet | Hani Hussain Sait Ahmed Hussain Mohamed Bassyouni Imtiaz Ali Ramesh Kanthasamy Bamidele Victor Ayodele Yasser Elhenawy |
| author_sort | Hani Hussain Sait |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The discharge of textile wastewater into aquatic streams is considered a major challenge due to its effect on the water ecosystem. Direct blue 78 (DB78) dye has a complex structure. Therefore, it is difficult to separate it from industrial wastewater. In this study, carbon obtained from the pyrolysis of mixed palm seeds under different temperatures (400 °C and 1000 °C) was activated by a thermochemical method by using microwave radiation and an HCl solution in order to improve its adsorption characteristics. The generated activated carbon was used to synthesize a novel activated carbon/chitosan microbead (ACMB) for dye removal from textile wastewater. The obtained activated carbon (AC) was characterized by a physicochemical analysis that included, namely, particle size, zeta potential, SEM, EDX, and FTIR analyses. A series of batch experiments were conducted in terms of the ACMB dose, contact time, pH, and activated carbon/chitosan ratios in synthetic microbeads for enhancing the adsorption capacity. A remarkable improvement in the surface roughness was observed using SEM analysis. The particle surface was transformed from a slick surface with a minor-pore structure to a rough surface with major-pore structure. The zeta potential analysis indicated a higher improvement in the carbon surface charge, from −35 mv (before activation) to +20 mv (after activation). The adsorption tests showed that the dye-removal efficiency increased with the increasing adsorbent concentration. The maximum removal efficiencies were 97.8% and 98.4% using 3 and 4 g/L of AC<sub>400°C</sub> MB-0.3:1 and AC<sub>1000°C</sub> MB-0.3:1, respectively, with initial dye concentrations of 40 mg/L under acidic conditions (pH = 4–5), and an optimal mixing time of 50 min. The equilibrium studies for AC<sub>400°C</sub> MB-0.3:1 and AC<sub>1000°C</sub> MB-0.3:1 showed that the equilibrium data best fitted to the Langmuir isothermal model with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99. These results reveal that activated carbon/chitosan microbeads are an effective adsorbent for the removal of direct blue 78 dye and provide a new platform for dye removal. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:40:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c13103c6f7a54b9cafaee70fd764cb45 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:40:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-c13103c6f7a54b9cafaee70fd764cb452023-11-23T18:39:02ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-06-011412250310.3390/polym14122503Anionic Dye Removal Using a Date Palm Seed-Derived Activated Carbon/Chitosan Polymer Microbead BiocompositeHani Hussain Sait0Ahmed Hussain1Mohamed Bassyouni2Imtiaz Ali3Ramesh Kanthasamy4Bamidele Victor Ayodele5Yasser Elhenawy6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaDepartment of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fouad 42526, EgyptThe discharge of textile wastewater into aquatic streams is considered a major challenge due to its effect on the water ecosystem. Direct blue 78 (DB78) dye has a complex structure. Therefore, it is difficult to separate it from industrial wastewater. In this study, carbon obtained from the pyrolysis of mixed palm seeds under different temperatures (400 °C and 1000 °C) was activated by a thermochemical method by using microwave radiation and an HCl solution in order to improve its adsorption characteristics. The generated activated carbon was used to synthesize a novel activated carbon/chitosan microbead (ACMB) for dye removal from textile wastewater. The obtained activated carbon (AC) was characterized by a physicochemical analysis that included, namely, particle size, zeta potential, SEM, EDX, and FTIR analyses. A series of batch experiments were conducted in terms of the ACMB dose, contact time, pH, and activated carbon/chitosan ratios in synthetic microbeads for enhancing the adsorption capacity. A remarkable improvement in the surface roughness was observed using SEM analysis. The particle surface was transformed from a slick surface with a minor-pore structure to a rough surface with major-pore structure. The zeta potential analysis indicated a higher improvement in the carbon surface charge, from −35 mv (before activation) to +20 mv (after activation). The adsorption tests showed that the dye-removal efficiency increased with the increasing adsorbent concentration. The maximum removal efficiencies were 97.8% and 98.4% using 3 and 4 g/L of AC<sub>400°C</sub> MB-0.3:1 and AC<sub>1000°C</sub> MB-0.3:1, respectively, with initial dye concentrations of 40 mg/L under acidic conditions (pH = 4–5), and an optimal mixing time of 50 min. The equilibrium studies for AC<sub>400°C</sub> MB-0.3:1 and AC<sub>1000°C</sub> MB-0.3:1 showed that the equilibrium data best fitted to the Langmuir isothermal model with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99. These results reveal that activated carbon/chitosan microbeads are an effective adsorbent for the removal of direct blue 78 dye and provide a new platform for dye removal.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/12/2503activated carbonmicrowave radiationchitosanmicrobeadsadsorptionisothermal models |
| spellingShingle | Hani Hussain Sait Ahmed Hussain Mohamed Bassyouni Imtiaz Ali Ramesh Kanthasamy Bamidele Victor Ayodele Yasser Elhenawy Anionic Dye Removal Using a Date Palm Seed-Derived Activated Carbon/Chitosan Polymer Microbead Biocomposite Polymers activated carbon microwave radiation chitosan microbeads adsorption isothermal models |
| title | Anionic Dye Removal Using a Date Palm Seed-Derived Activated Carbon/Chitosan Polymer Microbead Biocomposite |
| title_full | Anionic Dye Removal Using a Date Palm Seed-Derived Activated Carbon/Chitosan Polymer Microbead Biocomposite |
| title_fullStr | Anionic Dye Removal Using a Date Palm Seed-Derived Activated Carbon/Chitosan Polymer Microbead Biocomposite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anionic Dye Removal Using a Date Palm Seed-Derived Activated Carbon/Chitosan Polymer Microbead Biocomposite |
| title_short | Anionic Dye Removal Using a Date Palm Seed-Derived Activated Carbon/Chitosan Polymer Microbead Biocomposite |
| title_sort | anionic dye removal using a date palm seed derived activated carbon chitosan polymer microbead biocomposite |
| topic | activated carbon microwave radiation chitosan microbeads adsorption isothermal models |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/12/2503 |
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