Can euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by SGLT2 inhibitors be avoided in COVID-19 and other acute infections?
Introduction: We present a case of anion gap euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EuDKA) in a patient with COVID-19 infection. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of severe illness, and hyperglycaemia is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SMC MEDIA SRL
2024-02-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/4282 |
| _version_ | 1797278790139772928 |
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| author | Georgios Pilianidis Georgia Papanastasiou Pinelopi Tikoudi Andreas Themistocleous Georgios Farmakis Konstantinos Dolianitis |
| author_facet | Georgios Pilianidis Georgia Papanastasiou Pinelopi Tikoudi Andreas Themistocleous Georgios Farmakis Konstantinos Dolianitis |
| author_sort | Georgios Pilianidis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: We present a case of anion gap euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EuDKA) in a patient with COVID-19 infection. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of severe illness, and hyperglycaemia is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19.
Case Description: A 76-year-old male with diabetes mellitus treated with SGLT2 inhibitor tested positive for COVID-19 infection on day 3 after his admission. In the emergency room he had a high anion gap metabolic acidosis and a blood glucose of 248 mg/dl. His urine tested strongly positive for ketones. A diagnosis of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis was made and he was treated with intravenous insulin and normal saline; his antidiabetic medications were stopped. His metabolic acidosis gradually resolved, and he was discharged.
Discussion: Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is a rare complication of COVID-19 infection. It is defined by the American Diabetes Association as the triad of anion gap metabolic acidosis with arterial pH <7.3, serum bicarbonate <18 mmol/l and ketonuria or ketonemia. It is a life-threatening complication which usually occurs in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients but may also occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. As described earlier, it is associated with hyperglycaemia but if blood glucose is low or near normal but <250 mg/dl it is then named euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors are at increased risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis.
Conclusions: COVID-19 infection precipitated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in our patient. SGLT2 inhibitors must be stopped when this adverse reaction occurs. As their use increases, the risk of this adverse reaction is higher as well. Their prescription should be restricted to trained physicians who are able to educate their patients and treat them appropriately in situations that may arise. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T16:14:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c13c98e290a94bc99d0a1fc0d2b2beb5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2284-2594 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T16:14:17Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | SMC MEDIA SRL |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-c13c98e290a94bc99d0a1fc0d2b2beb52024-03-04T15:29:25ZengSMC MEDIA SRLEuropean Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine2284-25942024-02-0110.12890/2024_0042823817Can euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by SGLT2 inhibitors be avoided in COVID-19 and other acute infections?Georgios Pilianidis0Georgia Papanastasiou1Pinelopi Tikoudi2Andreas Themistocleous3Georgios Farmakis4Konstantinos Dolianitis5Diabetes Clinic, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Internal Medicine Department, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, GreeceDiabetes Clinic, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Internal Medicine Department, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, GreeceInternal Medicine Department, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, GreeceInternal Medicine Department, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, GreeceInternal Medicine Department, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, GreeceDiabetes Clinic, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Internal Medicine Department, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, GreeceIntroduction: We present a case of anion gap euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EuDKA) in a patient with COVID-19 infection. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of severe illness, and hyperglycaemia is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19. Case Description: A 76-year-old male with diabetes mellitus treated with SGLT2 inhibitor tested positive for COVID-19 infection on day 3 after his admission. In the emergency room he had a high anion gap metabolic acidosis and a blood glucose of 248 mg/dl. His urine tested strongly positive for ketones. A diagnosis of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis was made and he was treated with intravenous insulin and normal saline; his antidiabetic medications were stopped. His metabolic acidosis gradually resolved, and he was discharged. Discussion: Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is a rare complication of COVID-19 infection. It is defined by the American Diabetes Association as the triad of anion gap metabolic acidosis with arterial pH <7.3, serum bicarbonate <18 mmol/l and ketonuria or ketonemia. It is a life-threatening complication which usually occurs in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients but may also occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. As described earlier, it is associated with hyperglycaemia but if blood glucose is low or near normal but <250 mg/dl it is then named euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors are at increased risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Conclusions: COVID-19 infection precipitated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in our patient. SGLT2 inhibitors must be stopped when this adverse reaction occurs. As their use increases, the risk of this adverse reaction is higher as well. Their prescription should be restricted to trained physicians who are able to educate their patients and treat them appropriately in situations that may arise.https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/4282covid-19diabetic ketoacidosiseuglycemicsglt-2 inhibitors |
| spellingShingle | Georgios Pilianidis Georgia Papanastasiou Pinelopi Tikoudi Andreas Themistocleous Georgios Farmakis Konstantinos Dolianitis Can euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by SGLT2 inhibitors be avoided in COVID-19 and other acute infections? European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine covid-19 diabetic ketoacidosis euglycemic sglt-2 inhibitors |
| title | Can euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by SGLT2 inhibitors be avoided in COVID-19 and other acute infections? |
| title_full | Can euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by SGLT2 inhibitors be avoided in COVID-19 and other acute infections? |
| title_fullStr | Can euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by SGLT2 inhibitors be avoided in COVID-19 and other acute infections? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Can euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by SGLT2 inhibitors be avoided in COVID-19 and other acute infections? |
| title_short | Can euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by SGLT2 inhibitors be avoided in COVID-19 and other acute infections? |
| title_sort | can euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by sglt2 inhibitors be avoided in covid 19 and other acute infections |
| topic | covid-19 diabetic ketoacidosis euglycemic sglt-2 inhibitors |
| url | https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/4282 |
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