Effects of the Germinated <i>Glycine max</i> and <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai Mixture on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Bone Turnover Balance in Ovariectomized Rats
Women going through menopause experience changes in their hormone levels, such as decreased estrogen secretion. Those changes can lead to weight gain and steatosis (fatty liver) due to abnormal lipid metabolism and bone turnover. Natural herbal medicines have been developed to treat and prevent meno...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/5084 |
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| author | Sangmin Lee Yunsang Cho Jihye Choi Hwal Choi Tae Sung Jung Jungkee Kwon |
| author_facet | Sangmin Lee Yunsang Cho Jihye Choi Hwal Choi Tae Sung Jung Jungkee Kwon |
| author_sort | Sangmin Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Women going through menopause experience changes in their hormone levels, such as decreased estrogen secretion. Those changes can lead to weight gain and steatosis (fatty liver) due to abnormal lipid metabolism and bone turnover. Natural herbal medicines have been developed to treat and prevent menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate how a mixture of germinated <i>Glycine max</i> (GG) and <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai (AG) affected serum lipid profile levels, hepatic damage, inflammation, and bone turnover in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The animals were randomly allocated into six groups: Sham control group (Sham), OVX control group (OVX), OVX + 50 mg/kg b.w. of GG (GG50) group, and OVX + 25, 50, 100 mg/kg b.w. of GG and AG mixture (GAM; GAM25, GAM50, GAM100) groups. After four weeks of treatment, the GAM groups exhibited decreases in serum lipid profile levels (TC, TG, and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)) and increases in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Proinflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS) were reduced after the administration of GAM, and the degree of liver damage (ALT, AST) also decreased. Bone resorption (CTX1, NTX1, osteoclasts in H&E staining) decreased in the GAM-treated groups, and bone morphometric markers (BMD, BV/TV, Tb.N) improved compared with the OVX group. Additionally, increased bone formation (ALP, mineralization) and decreased bone resorption (TRACP) were confirmed in in vitro experiments. These results suggest that GAM has anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects by preventing dyslipidemia and that it alleviates bone mass loss in OVX rats by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c13e78dd85c44b77a9ed79b7fdc38e7a2023-11-17T18:13:25ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-04-01138508410.3390/app13085084Effects of the Germinated <i>Glycine max</i> and <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai Mixture on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Bone Turnover Balance in Ovariectomized RatsSangmin Lee0Yunsang Cho1Jihye Choi2Hwal Choi3Tae Sung Jung4Jungkee Kwon5Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of KoreaGbio Co., Ltd., Hyoyeol-ro 111, 3F, Buk-gu, Busan 46509, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of KoreaWomen going through menopause experience changes in their hormone levels, such as decreased estrogen secretion. Those changes can lead to weight gain and steatosis (fatty liver) due to abnormal lipid metabolism and bone turnover. Natural herbal medicines have been developed to treat and prevent menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate how a mixture of germinated <i>Glycine max</i> (GG) and <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai (AG) affected serum lipid profile levels, hepatic damage, inflammation, and bone turnover in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The animals were randomly allocated into six groups: Sham control group (Sham), OVX control group (OVX), OVX + 50 mg/kg b.w. of GG (GG50) group, and OVX + 25, 50, 100 mg/kg b.w. of GG and AG mixture (GAM; GAM25, GAM50, GAM100) groups. After four weeks of treatment, the GAM groups exhibited decreases in serum lipid profile levels (TC, TG, and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)) and increases in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Proinflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS) were reduced after the administration of GAM, and the degree of liver damage (ALT, AST) also decreased. Bone resorption (CTX1, NTX1, osteoclasts in H&E staining) decreased in the GAM-treated groups, and bone morphometric markers (BMD, BV/TV, Tb.N) improved compared with the OVX group. Additionally, increased bone formation (ALP, mineralization) and decreased bone resorption (TRACP) were confirmed in in vitro experiments. These results suggest that GAM has anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects by preventing dyslipidemia and that it alleviates bone mass loss in OVX rats by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/5084osteoporosis<i>Glycine max</i><i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakaibone turnoverosteoclastogenesislipid metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Sangmin Lee Yunsang Cho Jihye Choi Hwal Choi Tae Sung Jung Jungkee Kwon Effects of the Germinated <i>Glycine max</i> and <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai Mixture on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Bone Turnover Balance in Ovariectomized Rats Applied Sciences osteoporosis <i>Glycine max</i> <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai bone turnover osteoclastogenesis lipid metabolism |
| title | Effects of the Germinated <i>Glycine max</i> and <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai Mixture on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Bone Turnover Balance in Ovariectomized Rats |
| title_full | Effects of the Germinated <i>Glycine max</i> and <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai Mixture on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Bone Turnover Balance in Ovariectomized Rats |
| title_fullStr | Effects of the Germinated <i>Glycine max</i> and <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai Mixture on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Bone Turnover Balance in Ovariectomized Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of the Germinated <i>Glycine max</i> and <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai Mixture on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Bone Turnover Balance in Ovariectomized Rats |
| title_short | Effects of the Germinated <i>Glycine max</i> and <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai Mixture on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Bone Turnover Balance in Ovariectomized Rats |
| title_sort | effects of the germinated i glycine max i and i angelica gigas i nakai mixture on hepatic lipid metabolism and bone turnover balance in ovariectomized rats |
| topic | osteoporosis <i>Glycine max</i> <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai bone turnover osteoclastogenesis lipid metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/5084 |
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