<i>Paraphysoderma sedebokerense</i> GlnS III Is Essential for the Infection of Its Host <i>Haematococcus lacustris</i>
Glutamine synthetase (GlnS) is a key enzyme in nitrogen metabolism. We investigated the effect of the GlnS inhibitor glufosinate on the infection of <i>H. lacustris</i> by the blastocladialean fungus <i>P. sedebokerense</i>, assuming that interfering with the host nitrogen me...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/6/561 |
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| author | David Alors Kevin R. Amses Timothy Y. James Sammy Boussiba Aliza Zarka |
| author_facet | David Alors Kevin R. Amses Timothy Y. James Sammy Boussiba Aliza Zarka |
| author_sort | David Alors |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glutamine synthetase (GlnS) is a key enzyme in nitrogen metabolism. We investigated the effect of the GlnS inhibitor glufosinate on the infection of <i>H. lacustris</i> by the blastocladialean fungus <i>P. sedebokerense</i>, assuming that interfering with the host nitrogen metabolism will affect the success of the parasite. Complete inhibition of infection, which could be bypassed by the GlnS product glutamine, was observed at millimolar concentrations of glufosinate. However, this effect of glufosinate was attributed to its direct interaction with the blastoclad and not the host, which results in development and growth inhibition of the blastoclad. In our <i>P. sedebokerense</i> draft genome, we found that the sequence of GlnS is related to another fungal GlnS, type III, found in many poor known phyla of fungi, including Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota, and absent in the main subkingdom of fungi, the Dikarya. We further tested the ability of the blastoclad to utilize nitrate and ammonia as inorganic nitrogen sources and glutamine for growth. We found that <i>P. sedebokerense</i> equally use ammonia and glutamine and use also nitrate, but with less efficiency. Altogether, our results show that GlnS type III is mandatory for the development and growth of <i>P. sedebokerense</i> and could be an efficient target to develop strategies for the control of the fungal parasite of <i>H. lacustris</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:22:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c144ad626e594169876792b6e996fa69 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:22:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-c144ad626e594169876792b6e996fa692023-11-23T17:24:08ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-05-018656110.3390/jof8060561<i>Paraphysoderma sedebokerense</i> GlnS III Is Essential for the Infection of Its Host <i>Haematococcus lacustris</i>David Alors0Kevin R. Amses1Timothy Y. James2Sammy Boussiba3Aliza Zarka4Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede-Boker Campus Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, IsraelDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USADepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAMicroalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede-Boker Campus Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, IsraelMicroalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede-Boker Campus Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, IsraelGlutamine synthetase (GlnS) is a key enzyme in nitrogen metabolism. We investigated the effect of the GlnS inhibitor glufosinate on the infection of <i>H. lacustris</i> by the blastocladialean fungus <i>P. sedebokerense</i>, assuming that interfering with the host nitrogen metabolism will affect the success of the parasite. Complete inhibition of infection, which could be bypassed by the GlnS product glutamine, was observed at millimolar concentrations of glufosinate. However, this effect of glufosinate was attributed to its direct interaction with the blastoclad and not the host, which results in development and growth inhibition of the blastoclad. In our <i>P. sedebokerense</i> draft genome, we found that the sequence of GlnS is related to another fungal GlnS, type III, found in many poor known phyla of fungi, including Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota, and absent in the main subkingdom of fungi, the Dikarya. We further tested the ability of the blastoclad to utilize nitrate and ammonia as inorganic nitrogen sources and glutamine for growth. We found that <i>P. sedebokerense</i> equally use ammonia and glutamine and use also nitrate, but with less efficiency. Altogether, our results show that GlnS type III is mandatory for the development and growth of <i>P. sedebokerense</i> and could be an efficient target to develop strategies for the control of the fungal parasite of <i>H. lacustris</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/6/561<i>Paraphysoderma sedebokerense</i><i>Haematococcus lacustris</i>glutamine synthetasenitrogen metabolismfungiglufosinate |
| spellingShingle | David Alors Kevin R. Amses Timothy Y. James Sammy Boussiba Aliza Zarka <i>Paraphysoderma sedebokerense</i> GlnS III Is Essential for the Infection of Its Host <i>Haematococcus lacustris</i> Journal of Fungi <i>Paraphysoderma sedebokerense</i> <i>Haematococcus lacustris</i> glutamine synthetase nitrogen metabolism fungi glufosinate |
| title | <i>Paraphysoderma sedebokerense</i> GlnS III Is Essential for the Infection of Its Host <i>Haematococcus lacustris</i> |
| title_full | <i>Paraphysoderma sedebokerense</i> GlnS III Is Essential for the Infection of Its Host <i>Haematococcus lacustris</i> |
| title_fullStr | <i>Paraphysoderma sedebokerense</i> GlnS III Is Essential for the Infection of Its Host <i>Haematococcus lacustris</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Paraphysoderma sedebokerense</i> GlnS III Is Essential for the Infection of Its Host <i>Haematococcus lacustris</i> |
| title_short | <i>Paraphysoderma sedebokerense</i> GlnS III Is Essential for the Infection of Its Host <i>Haematococcus lacustris</i> |
| title_sort | i paraphysoderma sedebokerense i glns iii is essential for the infection of its host i haematococcus lacustris i |
| topic | <i>Paraphysoderma sedebokerense</i> <i>Haematococcus lacustris</i> glutamine synthetase nitrogen metabolism fungi glufosinate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/6/561 |
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