Ethanol Extract of Oldenlandia diffusa – an Effective Chemotherapeutic for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Humans -Anti-Cancer Effects of Oldenlandia diffusa-
Objectives: Oldenlandia diffusa is traditionally used to relieve the symptoms of and to treat various diseases, but its anti-cancer activity has not been well studied. In the present study, the authors investigated the anti-cancer effects of an ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa (EOD) on HT-29 h...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute
2016-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pharmacopuncture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2016.19.007 |
| _version_ | 1819150414981890048 |
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| author | Soojin Lee Ji Hwan Shim Huijin Gim Hyun Soo Park Byung Joo Kim |
| author_facet | Soojin Lee Ji Hwan Shim Huijin Gim Hyun Soo Park Byung Joo Kim |
| author_sort | Soojin Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Oldenlandia diffusa is traditionally used to relieve the symptoms of and to treat various diseases, but its anti-cancer activity has not been well studied. In the present study, the authors investigated the anti-cancer effects of an ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa (EOD) on HT-29 human adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: Cells were treated with different concentrations of an EOD, and cell death was assessed by using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Analyses of the sub G1 peak, the caspase-3 and -9 activities, and the mitochondrial membrane depolarizations were conducted to confirm cell death by apoptosis. Also, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined using carboxy-H2DCFDA (5-(and-6)-carboxy-20,70-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate). Results: EOD inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells for 24 hours by 78.6% ± 8.1% at 50 μg/mL, 74.4% ± 4.6% at 100 μg/mL, 65.9% ± 5.2% at 200 μg/mL, 51.4% ± 6.2% at 300 μg/mL, and by 41.7% ± 8.9% at 400 μg/mL, and treatment for 72 hours reduced the proliferation at the corresponding concentrations by 43.3% ± 8.8%, 24.3 ± 5.1 mV, 13.5 ± 3.2 mV, 6.5 ± 2.3 mV, and by 2.6 ± 2.3 mV. EOD increased the number of cells in the sub-G1 peak in a dose-dependent manner. The mitochondrial membrane depolarization was elevated by EOD. Also, caspase activities were dose-dependently elevated in the presence of EOD, and these activities were repressed by a pan-caspase inhibitor (zVAD-fmk). The ROS generation was significantly increased by EOD and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC; a ROS scavenger) remarkably abolished EOD-induced cell death. In addition, a combination of sub-optimal doses of EOD and chemotherapeutic agents noticeably suppressed the growth of HT-29 cancer cells. Conclusion: These results indicate that EOD might be an effective chemotherapeutic for the treatment of human colorectal cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T14:17:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c14d8aed6a804d638eb9f727be74404a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2093-6966 2234-6856 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T14:17:08Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pharmacopuncture |
| spelling | doaj.art-c14d8aed6a804d638eb9f727be74404a2022-12-21T18:23:04ZengKorean Pharmacopuncture InstituteJournal of Pharmacopuncture2093-69662234-68562016-03-01191515810.3831/KPI.2016.19.007DHOCBS_2016_v19n1_51Ethanol Extract of Oldenlandia diffusa – an Effective Chemotherapeutic for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Humans -Anti-Cancer Effects of Oldenlandia diffusa-Soojin Lee0Ji Hwan Shim1Huijin Gim2Hyun Soo Park3Byung Joo Kim4Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, KoreaDivision of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, KoreaDivision of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, KoreaDivision of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, KoreaDivision of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, KoreaObjectives: Oldenlandia diffusa is traditionally used to relieve the symptoms of and to treat various diseases, but its anti-cancer activity has not been well studied. In the present study, the authors investigated the anti-cancer effects of an ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa (EOD) on HT-29 human adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: Cells were treated with different concentrations of an EOD, and cell death was assessed by using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Analyses of the sub G1 peak, the caspase-3 and -9 activities, and the mitochondrial membrane depolarizations were conducted to confirm cell death by apoptosis. Also, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined using carboxy-H2DCFDA (5-(and-6)-carboxy-20,70-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate). Results: EOD inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells for 24 hours by 78.6% ± 8.1% at 50 μg/mL, 74.4% ± 4.6% at 100 μg/mL, 65.9% ± 5.2% at 200 μg/mL, 51.4% ± 6.2% at 300 μg/mL, and by 41.7% ± 8.9% at 400 μg/mL, and treatment for 72 hours reduced the proliferation at the corresponding concentrations by 43.3% ± 8.8%, 24.3 ± 5.1 mV, 13.5 ± 3.2 mV, 6.5 ± 2.3 mV, and by 2.6 ± 2.3 mV. EOD increased the number of cells in the sub-G1 peak in a dose-dependent manner. The mitochondrial membrane depolarization was elevated by EOD. Also, caspase activities were dose-dependently elevated in the presence of EOD, and these activities were repressed by a pan-caspase inhibitor (zVAD-fmk). The ROS generation was significantly increased by EOD and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC; a ROS scavenger) remarkably abolished EOD-induced cell death. In addition, a combination of sub-optimal doses of EOD and chemotherapeutic agents noticeably suppressed the growth of HT-29 cancer cells. Conclusion: These results indicate that EOD might be an effective chemotherapeutic for the treatment of human colorectal cancer.http://dx.doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2016.19.007anti-cancer activityHT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cellsOldenlandia diffusa |
| spellingShingle | Soojin Lee Ji Hwan Shim Huijin Gim Hyun Soo Park Byung Joo Kim Ethanol Extract of Oldenlandia diffusa – an Effective Chemotherapeutic for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Humans -Anti-Cancer Effects of Oldenlandia diffusa- Journal of Pharmacopuncture anti-cancer activity HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells Oldenlandia diffusa |
| title | Ethanol Extract of Oldenlandia diffusa – an Effective Chemotherapeutic for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Humans -Anti-Cancer Effects of Oldenlandia diffusa- |
| title_full | Ethanol Extract of Oldenlandia diffusa – an Effective Chemotherapeutic for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Humans -Anti-Cancer Effects of Oldenlandia diffusa- |
| title_fullStr | Ethanol Extract of Oldenlandia diffusa – an Effective Chemotherapeutic for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Humans -Anti-Cancer Effects of Oldenlandia diffusa- |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ethanol Extract of Oldenlandia diffusa – an Effective Chemotherapeutic for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Humans -Anti-Cancer Effects of Oldenlandia diffusa- |
| title_short | Ethanol Extract of Oldenlandia diffusa – an Effective Chemotherapeutic for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Humans -Anti-Cancer Effects of Oldenlandia diffusa- |
| title_sort | ethanol extract of oldenlandia diffusa an effective chemotherapeutic for the treatment of colorectal cancer in humans anti cancer effects of oldenlandia diffusa |
| topic | anti-cancer activity HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells Oldenlandia diffusa |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2016.19.007 |
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