The Potential Roles of Very Low Calorie, Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diets and Very Low Carbohydrate Diets on the Gut Microbiota Composition
Several studies have described a strong correlation between diet, weight loss, and gut microbiota composition. The aim of this review was to evaluate the potential effects of energy-restricted diets, namely very low calorie diets (VLCDs), very low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKDs), and very low carbo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.662591/full |
| _version_ | 1818974171353317376 |
|---|---|
| author | Mariangela Rondanelli Mariangela Rondanelli Clara Gasparri Gabriella Peroni Milena Anna Faliva Maurizio Naso Simone Perna Philip Bazire Ignacio Sajoux Roberto Maugeri Chiara Rigon |
| author_facet | Mariangela Rondanelli Mariangela Rondanelli Clara Gasparri Gabriella Peroni Milena Anna Faliva Maurizio Naso Simone Perna Philip Bazire Ignacio Sajoux Roberto Maugeri Chiara Rigon |
| author_sort | Mariangela Rondanelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several studies have described a strong correlation between diet, weight loss, and gut microbiota composition. The aim of this review was to evaluate the potential effects of energy-restricted diets, namely very low calorie diets (VLCDs), very low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKDs), and very low carbohydrate diets (VLCarbDs), on the composition of the gut microbiota in humans. We performed a literature search using the following terms (with their abbreviations or acronyms): “very low calorie diet”, “very low calorie ketogenic diet”, “very low carbohydrate diet”, and “gut microbiota”. Our search strategy retrieved nine eligible studies. Overall, VLCDs and VLCarbDs affected the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio in obese patients, leading to a reduction in short-chain fatty acid production by fecal microbiota associated with Clostridial cluster XIVa. This reduction particularly affected Roseburia and Eubacterium rectale, the two most abundant butyrate-producing bacteria in human feces. VLCKDs preserved the core fecal microbiome, but altered the composition of fecal microbial populations in relation to the plasma metabolome and fecal bile acid composition. In particular, VLCKD-induced weight loss resulted in a reduction in E. rectale and Roseburia, an increase in Christensenellaceae and Akkermansia while not all studies show a decrease in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Although very few studies have analyzed the effects of VLCarbDs and VLCDs on gut microbiota, significant diet-induced changes in fecal microbiota composition have been observed. Further studies are needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:35:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c14ecc07b56b4887827d0fae9d3b5863 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:35:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c14ecc07b56b4887827d0fae9d3b58632022-12-21T19:35:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922021-05-011210.3389/fendo.2021.662591662591The Potential Roles of Very Low Calorie, Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diets and Very Low Carbohydrate Diets on the Gut Microbiota CompositionMariangela Rondanelli0Mariangela Rondanelli1Clara Gasparri2Gabriella Peroni3Milena Anna Faliva4Maurizio Naso5Simone Perna6Philip Bazire7Ignacio Sajoux8Roberto Maugeri9Chiara Rigon10IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, BahrainPronoKal, London, United KingdomPronoKal Group, Barcelona, SpainPronoKal Group, Savigliano, ItalyEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalySeveral studies have described a strong correlation between diet, weight loss, and gut microbiota composition. The aim of this review was to evaluate the potential effects of energy-restricted diets, namely very low calorie diets (VLCDs), very low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKDs), and very low carbohydrate diets (VLCarbDs), on the composition of the gut microbiota in humans. We performed a literature search using the following terms (with their abbreviations or acronyms): “very low calorie diet”, “very low calorie ketogenic diet”, “very low carbohydrate diet”, and “gut microbiota”. Our search strategy retrieved nine eligible studies. Overall, VLCDs and VLCarbDs affected the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio in obese patients, leading to a reduction in short-chain fatty acid production by fecal microbiota associated with Clostridial cluster XIVa. This reduction particularly affected Roseburia and Eubacterium rectale, the two most abundant butyrate-producing bacteria in human feces. VLCKDs preserved the core fecal microbiome, but altered the composition of fecal microbial populations in relation to the plasma metabolome and fecal bile acid composition. In particular, VLCKD-induced weight loss resulted in a reduction in E. rectale and Roseburia, an increase in Christensenellaceae and Akkermansia while not all studies show a decrease in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Although very few studies have analyzed the effects of VLCarbDs and VLCDs on gut microbiota, significant diet-induced changes in fecal microbiota composition have been observed. Further studies are needed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.662591/fullvery low carbohydrate diet (VLCarbD)very low calorie diet (VLCD)obesitymicrobiotavery low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD)gut microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Mariangela Rondanelli Mariangela Rondanelli Clara Gasparri Gabriella Peroni Milena Anna Faliva Maurizio Naso Simone Perna Philip Bazire Ignacio Sajoux Roberto Maugeri Chiara Rigon The Potential Roles of Very Low Calorie, Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diets and Very Low Carbohydrate Diets on the Gut Microbiota Composition Frontiers in Endocrinology very low carbohydrate diet (VLCarbD) very low calorie diet (VLCD) obesity microbiota very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) gut microbiota |
| title | The Potential Roles of Very Low Calorie, Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diets and Very Low Carbohydrate Diets on the Gut Microbiota Composition |
| title_full | The Potential Roles of Very Low Calorie, Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diets and Very Low Carbohydrate Diets on the Gut Microbiota Composition |
| title_fullStr | The Potential Roles of Very Low Calorie, Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diets and Very Low Carbohydrate Diets on the Gut Microbiota Composition |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Potential Roles of Very Low Calorie, Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diets and Very Low Carbohydrate Diets on the Gut Microbiota Composition |
| title_short | The Potential Roles of Very Low Calorie, Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diets and Very Low Carbohydrate Diets on the Gut Microbiota Composition |
| title_sort | potential roles of very low calorie very low calorie ketogenic diets and very low carbohydrate diets on the gut microbiota composition |
| topic | very low carbohydrate diet (VLCarbD) very low calorie diet (VLCD) obesity microbiota very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) gut microbiota |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.662591/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariangelarondanelli thepotentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT mariangelarondanelli thepotentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT claragasparri thepotentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT gabriellaperoni thepotentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT milenaannafaliva thepotentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT maurizionaso thepotentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT simoneperna thepotentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT philipbazire thepotentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT ignaciosajoux thepotentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT robertomaugeri thepotentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT chiararigon thepotentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT mariangelarondanelli potentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT mariangelarondanelli potentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT claragasparri potentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT gabriellaperoni potentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT milenaannafaliva potentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT maurizionaso potentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT simoneperna potentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT philipbazire potentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT ignaciosajoux potentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT robertomaugeri potentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition AT chiararigon potentialrolesofverylowcalorieverylowcalorieketogenicdietsandverylowcarbohydratedietsonthegutmicrobiotacomposition |