Microbial Contamination of Photographic and Cinematographic Materials in Archival Funds in the Czech Republic
In this study we investigated the microbial contamination of 126 samples of photographic and cinematographic materials from 10 archival funds in the Czech Republic. Microorganisms were isolated from the light-sensitive layer by swabbing it with a polyurethane sponge. Microbial isolates were identifi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/155 |
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| author | Sabina Purkrtova Dana Savicka Jana Kadava Hana Sykorova Nikola Kovacova Dominika Kalisova Tereza Nesporova Martina Novakova Barbora Masek Benetkova Lucie Koukalova Stepanka Boryskova Blanka Hnulikova Michal Durovic Katerina Demnerova |
| author_facet | Sabina Purkrtova Dana Savicka Jana Kadava Hana Sykorova Nikola Kovacova Dominika Kalisova Tereza Nesporova Martina Novakova Barbora Masek Benetkova Lucie Koukalova Stepanka Boryskova Blanka Hnulikova Michal Durovic Katerina Demnerova |
| author_sort | Sabina Purkrtova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study we investigated the microbial contamination of 126 samples of photographic and cinematographic materials from 10 archival funds in the Czech Republic. Microorganisms were isolated from the light-sensitive layer by swabbing it with a polyurethane sponge. Microbial isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS (bacteria) or by phenotype testing and microscopy (fungi). Bacterial contamination was more abundant and more diverse than fungal contamination, and both were significantly associated with archives. The most frequently isolated fungal genera were <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Eurotium</i>, <i>Penicillium, Aspergillus</i> and <i>Alternaria.</i> The most frequently isolated bacteria were Gram-positive genera such as <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Micrococcus</i>, <i>Kocuria</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i> and <i>Bacillus</i>. This bacterial and fungal diversity suggests that air is the main vehicle of contamination. We also analysed the impact of the type of material used for the carrier (paper, baryta paper, cellulose acetate and nitrate or glass) or the light-sensitive layer (albumen, gelatine, collodion and other) on the level and diversity of microbial contamination. Carriers such as polyester and cellulose nitrate may have a negative impact on bacterial contamination, while paper and baryta paper may have a partially positive impact on both fungal and bacterial contamination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c159c0693b944ac98d677ad47a9eb488 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-c159c0693b944ac98d677ad47a9eb4882023-11-23T14:48:09ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-01-0110115510.3390/microorganisms10010155Microbial Contamination of Photographic and Cinematographic Materials in Archival Funds in the Czech RepublicSabina Purkrtova0Dana Savicka1Jana Kadava2Hana Sykorova3Nikola Kovacova4Dominika Kalisova5Tereza Nesporova6Martina Novakova7Barbora Masek Benetkova8Lucie Koukalova9Stepanka Boryskova10Blanka Hnulikova11Michal Durovic12Katerina Demnerova13Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Chemical Technology of Monument Conservation, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Chemical Technology of Monument Conservation, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Chemical Technology of Monument Conservation, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicPreservation Department, National Archives Czech Republic, 2257/4 Archivní, 149 00 Prague, Czech RepublicPreservation Department, National Archives Czech Republic, 2257/4 Archivní, 149 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Chemical Technology of Monument Conservation, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicIn this study we investigated the microbial contamination of 126 samples of photographic and cinematographic materials from 10 archival funds in the Czech Republic. Microorganisms were isolated from the light-sensitive layer by swabbing it with a polyurethane sponge. Microbial isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS (bacteria) or by phenotype testing and microscopy (fungi). Bacterial contamination was more abundant and more diverse than fungal contamination, and both were significantly associated with archives. The most frequently isolated fungal genera were <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Eurotium</i>, <i>Penicillium, Aspergillus</i> and <i>Alternaria.</i> The most frequently isolated bacteria were Gram-positive genera such as <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Micrococcus</i>, <i>Kocuria</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i> and <i>Bacillus</i>. This bacterial and fungal diversity suggests that air is the main vehicle of contamination. We also analysed the impact of the type of material used for the carrier (paper, baryta paper, cellulose acetate and nitrate or glass) or the light-sensitive layer (albumen, gelatine, collodion and other) on the level and diversity of microbial contamination. Carriers such as polyester and cellulose nitrate may have a negative impact on bacterial contamination, while paper and baryta paper may have a partially positive impact on both fungal and bacterial contamination.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/155photographic materialscinematographic materialsarchival fundsCzech Republicmicrobial contaminationfungal contamination |
| spellingShingle | Sabina Purkrtova Dana Savicka Jana Kadava Hana Sykorova Nikola Kovacova Dominika Kalisova Tereza Nesporova Martina Novakova Barbora Masek Benetkova Lucie Koukalova Stepanka Boryskova Blanka Hnulikova Michal Durovic Katerina Demnerova Microbial Contamination of Photographic and Cinematographic Materials in Archival Funds in the Czech Republic Microorganisms photographic materials cinematographic materials archival funds Czech Republic microbial contamination fungal contamination |
| title | Microbial Contamination of Photographic and Cinematographic Materials in Archival Funds in the Czech Republic |
| title_full | Microbial Contamination of Photographic and Cinematographic Materials in Archival Funds in the Czech Republic |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Contamination of Photographic and Cinematographic Materials in Archival Funds in the Czech Republic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Contamination of Photographic and Cinematographic Materials in Archival Funds in the Czech Republic |
| title_short | Microbial Contamination of Photographic and Cinematographic Materials in Archival Funds in the Czech Republic |
| title_sort | microbial contamination of photographic and cinematographic materials in archival funds in the czech republic |
| topic | photographic materials cinematographic materials archival funds Czech Republic microbial contamination fungal contamination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/155 |
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