Downregulation of CTRP-3 by Weight Loss In Vivo and by Bile Acids and Incretins in Adipocytes In Vitro
The adipokine CTRP-3 (C1q/TNF-related protein-3) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. Its regulation in obesity and during weight loss is unknown. Serum and adipose tissue (AT) samples were obtained from patients (<i>n</i> = 179) undergoing bariatric surgery (BS). Moreover...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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author | Andreas Schmid Jonas Gehl Miriam Thomalla Alexandra Hochberg Anja Kreiß Marissa Patz Thomas Karrasch Andreas Schäffler |
author_facet | Andreas Schmid Jonas Gehl Miriam Thomalla Alexandra Hochberg Anja Kreiß Marissa Patz Thomas Karrasch Andreas Schäffler |
author_sort | Andreas Schmid |
collection | DOAJ |
description | The adipokine CTRP-3 (C1q/TNF-related protein-3) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. Its regulation in obesity and during weight loss is unknown. Serum and adipose tissue (AT) samples were obtained from patients (<i>n</i> = 179) undergoing bariatric surgery (BS). Moreover, patients (<i>n</i> = 131) participating in a low-calorie diet (LCD) program were studied. CTRP 3 levels were quantified by ELISA and mRNA expression was analyzed in AT and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with bile acids and incretins. There was a persistent downregulation of CTRP-3 serum levels during weight loss. CTRP-3 expression was higher in subcutaneous than in visceral AT and serum levels of CTRP-3 were positively related to AT expression levels. A rapid decrease of circulating CTRP-3 was observed immediately upon BS, suggesting weight loss-independent regulatory mechanisms. Adipocytes CTRP-3 expression was inhibited by primary bile acid species and GLP 1. Adipocyte-specific CTRP-3 deficiency increased bile acid receptor expression. Circulating CTRP-3 levels are downregulated during weight loss, with a considerable decline occurring immediately upon BS. Mechanisms dependent and independent of weight loss cause the post-surgical decline of CTRP-3. The data strongly argue for regulatory interrelations of CTRP-3 with bile acids and incretin system. |
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issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:10:00Z |
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spelling | doaj.art-c171e430a7c14c39b1153efd7166e2db2023-11-20T19:25:06ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-10-012121816810.3390/ijms21218168Downregulation of CTRP-3 by Weight Loss In Vivo and by Bile Acids and Incretins in Adipocytes In VitroAndreas Schmid0Jonas Gehl1Miriam Thomalla2Alexandra Hochberg3Anja Kreiß4Marissa Patz5Thomas Karrasch6Andreas Schäffler7Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, GermanyThe adipokine CTRP-3 (C1q/TNF-related protein-3) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. Its regulation in obesity and during weight loss is unknown. Serum and adipose tissue (AT) samples were obtained from patients (<i>n</i> = 179) undergoing bariatric surgery (BS). Moreover, patients (<i>n</i> = 131) participating in a low-calorie diet (LCD) program were studied. CTRP 3 levels were quantified by ELISA and mRNA expression was analyzed in AT and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with bile acids and incretins. There was a persistent downregulation of CTRP-3 serum levels during weight loss. CTRP-3 expression was higher in subcutaneous than in visceral AT and serum levels of CTRP-3 were positively related to AT expression levels. A rapid decrease of circulating CTRP-3 was observed immediately upon BS, suggesting weight loss-independent regulatory mechanisms. Adipocytes CTRP-3 expression was inhibited by primary bile acid species and GLP 1. Adipocyte-specific CTRP-3 deficiency increased bile acid receptor expression. Circulating CTRP-3 levels are downregulated during weight loss, with a considerable decline occurring immediately upon BS. Mechanisms dependent and independent of weight loss cause the post-surgical decline of CTRP-3. The data strongly argue for regulatory interrelations of CTRP-3 with bile acids and incretin system.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8168C1q/TNF-related protein-3obesitybariatric surgerylow calorie dietbile acidsincretins |
spellingShingle | Andreas Schmid Jonas Gehl Miriam Thomalla Alexandra Hochberg Anja Kreiß Marissa Patz Thomas Karrasch Andreas Schäffler Downregulation of CTRP-3 by Weight Loss In Vivo and by Bile Acids and Incretins in Adipocytes In Vitro International Journal of Molecular Sciences C1q/TNF-related protein-3 obesity bariatric surgery low calorie diet bile acids incretins |
title | Downregulation of CTRP-3 by Weight Loss In Vivo and by Bile Acids and Incretins in Adipocytes In Vitro |
title_full | Downregulation of CTRP-3 by Weight Loss In Vivo and by Bile Acids and Incretins in Adipocytes In Vitro |
title_fullStr | Downregulation of CTRP-3 by Weight Loss In Vivo and by Bile Acids and Incretins in Adipocytes In Vitro |
title_full_unstemmed | Downregulation of CTRP-3 by Weight Loss In Vivo and by Bile Acids and Incretins in Adipocytes In Vitro |
title_short | Downregulation of CTRP-3 by Weight Loss In Vivo and by Bile Acids and Incretins in Adipocytes In Vitro |
title_sort | downregulation of ctrp 3 by weight loss in vivo and by bile acids and incretins in adipocytes in vitro |
topic | C1q/TNF-related protein-3 obesity bariatric surgery low calorie diet bile acids incretins |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8168 |
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