Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained Peatlands
The aim of this study is to estimate wintertime emissions of greenhouse gases CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> in two abandoned peat extraction areas (APEA), Ess-soo and Laiuse, and in two Oxalis site-type drained peatland forests (DPF) on nitroge...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/7/731 |
| _version_ | 1797562871661461504 |
|---|---|
| author | Birgit Viru Gert Veber Jaak Jaagus Ain Kull Martin Maddison Mart Muhel Mikk Espenberg Alar Teemusk Ülo Mander |
| author_facet | Birgit Viru Gert Veber Jaak Jaagus Ain Kull Martin Maddison Mart Muhel Mikk Espenberg Alar Teemusk Ülo Mander |
| author_sort | Birgit Viru |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study is to estimate wintertime emissions of greenhouse gases CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> in two abandoned peat extraction areas (APEA), Ess-soo and Laiuse, and in two Oxalis site-type drained peatland forests (DPF) on nitrogen-rich sapric histosol, a Norway spruce and a Downy birch forest, located in eastern Estonia. According to the long-term study using a closed chamber method, the APEAs emitted less CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, and more CH<sub>4</sub> than the DPFs. Across the study sites, CO<sub>2</sub> flux correlated positively with soil, ground and air temperatures. Continuous snow depth > 5 cm did not influence CO<sub>2</sub>, but at no snow or a thin snow layer the fluxes varied on a large scale (from −1.1 to 106 mg C m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>). In all sites, the highest N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes were observed at a water table depth of −30 to −40 cm. CH<sub>4</sub> was consumed in the DPFs and was always emitted from the APEAs, whereas the highest flux appeared at a water table >20 cm above the surface. Considering the global warming potential (GWP) of the greenhouse gas emissions from the DPFs in the wintertime, the flux of N<sub>2</sub>O was the main component of warming, showing 3–6 times higher radiative forcing values than that of CO<sub>2</sub> flux, while the role of CH<sub>4</sub> was unimportant. In the APEAs, CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> made up almost equal parts, whereas the impact of N<sub>2</sub>O on GWP was minor. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:34:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c183c6984f6845b2afac683f72192a3c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:34:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-c183c6984f6845b2afac683f72192a3c2023-11-20T06:22:44ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-07-0111773110.3390/atmos11070731Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained PeatlandsBirgit Viru0Gert Veber1Jaak Jaagus2Ain Kull3Martin Maddison4Mart Muhel5Mikk Espenberg6Alar Teemusk7Ülo Mander8Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuine St. 46, 51014 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuine St. 46, 51014 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuine St. 46, 51014 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuine St. 46, 51014 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuine St. 46, 51014 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuine St. 46, 51014 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuine St. 46, 51014 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuine St. 46, 51014 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuine St. 46, 51014 Tartu, EstoniaThe aim of this study is to estimate wintertime emissions of greenhouse gases CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> in two abandoned peat extraction areas (APEA), Ess-soo and Laiuse, and in two Oxalis site-type drained peatland forests (DPF) on nitrogen-rich sapric histosol, a Norway spruce and a Downy birch forest, located in eastern Estonia. According to the long-term study using a closed chamber method, the APEAs emitted less CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, and more CH<sub>4</sub> than the DPFs. Across the study sites, CO<sub>2</sub> flux correlated positively with soil, ground and air temperatures. Continuous snow depth > 5 cm did not influence CO<sub>2</sub>, but at no snow or a thin snow layer the fluxes varied on a large scale (from −1.1 to 106 mg C m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>). In all sites, the highest N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes were observed at a water table depth of −30 to −40 cm. CH<sub>4</sub> was consumed in the DPFs and was always emitted from the APEAs, whereas the highest flux appeared at a water table >20 cm above the surface. Considering the global warming potential (GWP) of the greenhouse gas emissions from the DPFs in the wintertime, the flux of N<sub>2</sub>O was the main component of warming, showing 3–6 times higher radiative forcing values than that of CO<sub>2</sub> flux, while the role of CH<sub>4</sub> was unimportant. In the APEAs, CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> made up almost equal parts, whereas the impact of N<sub>2</sub>O on GWP was minor.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/7/731carbon dioxidedrained forestsmethanenitrous oxidepeat extraction areaspeatlands |
| spellingShingle | Birgit Viru Gert Veber Jaak Jaagus Ain Kull Martin Maddison Mart Muhel Mikk Espenberg Alar Teemusk Ülo Mander Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained Peatlands Atmosphere carbon dioxide drained forests methane nitrous oxide peat extraction areas peatlands |
| title | Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained Peatlands |
| title_full | Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained Peatlands |
| title_fullStr | Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained Peatlands |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained Peatlands |
| title_short | Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained Peatlands |
| title_sort | wintertime greenhouse gas fluxes in hemiboreal drained peatlands |
| topic | carbon dioxide drained forests methane nitrous oxide peat extraction areas peatlands |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/7/731 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT birgitviru wintertimegreenhousegasfluxesinhemiborealdrainedpeatlands AT gertveber wintertimegreenhousegasfluxesinhemiborealdrainedpeatlands AT jaakjaagus wintertimegreenhousegasfluxesinhemiborealdrainedpeatlands AT ainkull wintertimegreenhousegasfluxesinhemiborealdrainedpeatlands AT martinmaddison wintertimegreenhousegasfluxesinhemiborealdrainedpeatlands AT martmuhel wintertimegreenhousegasfluxesinhemiborealdrainedpeatlands AT mikkespenberg wintertimegreenhousegasfluxesinhemiborealdrainedpeatlands AT alarteemusk wintertimegreenhousegasfluxesinhemiborealdrainedpeatlands AT ulomander wintertimegreenhousegasfluxesinhemiborealdrainedpeatlands |