T cell responses to viral infections - opportunities for peptide vaccination
An effective immune response against viral infections depends on the activation of cytotoxic T cells that can clear the infection by killing virus-infected cells. Proper activation of these T cells depends on professional antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs). In this review, we wi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00171/full |
| _version_ | 1811283958347857920 |
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| author | Sietske eRosendahl Huber Josine evan Beek Jørgen ede Jonge Willem eLuytjes Debbie evan Baarle |
| author_facet | Sietske eRosendahl Huber Josine evan Beek Jørgen ede Jonge Willem eLuytjes Debbie evan Baarle |
| author_sort | Sietske eRosendahl Huber |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An effective immune response against viral infections depends on the activation of cytotoxic T cells that can clear the infection by killing virus-infected cells. Proper activation of these T cells depends on professional antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs). In this review, we will discuss the potential of peptide-based vaccines for prevention and treatment of viral diseases. We will describe features of an effective response against both acute and chronic infections, such as an appropriate magnitude, breadth and quality and discuss requirements for inducing such an effective antiviral immune response. We will address modifications that affect presentation of vaccine components by DCs, including choice of antigen, adjuvants, and formulation. Furthermore, we will describe differences in design between preventive and therapeutic peptide-based vaccines. The ultimate goal in the design of preventive vaccines, is to develop a universal vaccine that cross-protects against multiple strains of the virus. For therapeutic vaccines, cross-protection is of less importance, but enhancing existing T cell responses is essential. Although peptide vaccination is successful in inducing responses in Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infected patients, there are still several challenges such as choosing the right target epitopes, choosing safe adjuvants that improve immunogenicity of these epitopes, and steering the immune response in the desired direction. We will conclude with an overview of the current status of peptide vaccination, hurdles to overcome, and prospects for the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:21:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1864664f6eb4276831e28d766f76176 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:21:23Z |
| publishDate | 2014-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1864664f6eb4276831e28d766f761762022-12-22T03:06:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242014-04-01510.3389/fimmu.2014.0017183322T cell responses to viral infections - opportunities for peptide vaccinationSietske eRosendahl Huber0Josine evan Beek1Jørgen ede Jonge2Willem eLuytjes3Debbie evan Baarle4National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentAn effective immune response against viral infections depends on the activation of cytotoxic T cells that can clear the infection by killing virus-infected cells. Proper activation of these T cells depends on professional antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs). In this review, we will discuss the potential of peptide-based vaccines for prevention and treatment of viral diseases. We will describe features of an effective response against both acute and chronic infections, such as an appropriate magnitude, breadth and quality and discuss requirements for inducing such an effective antiviral immune response. We will address modifications that affect presentation of vaccine components by DCs, including choice of antigen, adjuvants, and formulation. Furthermore, we will describe differences in design between preventive and therapeutic peptide-based vaccines. The ultimate goal in the design of preventive vaccines, is to develop a universal vaccine that cross-protects against multiple strains of the virus. For therapeutic vaccines, cross-protection is of less importance, but enhancing existing T cell responses is essential. Although peptide vaccination is successful in inducing responses in Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infected patients, there are still several challenges such as choosing the right target epitopes, choosing safe adjuvants that improve immunogenicity of these epitopes, and steering the immune response in the desired direction. We will conclude with an overview of the current status of peptide vaccination, hurdles to overcome, and prospects for the future.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00171/fullDendritic CellsPeptidesVaccinationVirusesacute infectionChronic infection |
| spellingShingle | Sietske eRosendahl Huber Josine evan Beek Jørgen ede Jonge Willem eLuytjes Debbie evan Baarle T cell responses to viral infections - opportunities for peptide vaccination Frontiers in Immunology Dendritic Cells Peptides Vaccination Viruses acute infection Chronic infection |
| title | T cell responses to viral infections - opportunities for peptide vaccination |
| title_full | T cell responses to viral infections - opportunities for peptide vaccination |
| title_fullStr | T cell responses to viral infections - opportunities for peptide vaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | T cell responses to viral infections - opportunities for peptide vaccination |
| title_short | T cell responses to viral infections - opportunities for peptide vaccination |
| title_sort | t cell responses to viral infections opportunities for peptide vaccination |
| topic | Dendritic Cells Peptides Vaccination Viruses acute infection Chronic infection |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00171/full |
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