Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in <em>Vigna angularis</em> by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the probable beneficial role of the individual as well as combined application of kinetin (50 μM Kn) and spermidine (200 μM Spd) on <i>Vigna angularis </i>under<i> </i>cadmium (Cd) stress. Cd treatment reduced growth by declining...
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/1/147 |
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| author | Mohammad Abass Ahanger Usman Aziz Abdulaziz Alsahli Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni Parvaiz Ahmad |
| author_facet | Mohammad Abass Ahanger Usman Aziz Abdulaziz Alsahli Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni Parvaiz Ahmad |
| author_sort | Mohammad Abass Ahanger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the probable beneficial role of the individual as well as combined application of kinetin (50 μM Kn) and spermidine (200 μM Spd) on <i>Vigna angularis </i>under<i> </i>cadmium (Cd) stress. Cd treatment reduced growth by declining the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, photosynthesis, and gas exchange parameters. Exogenously, Kn and Spd application enhanced the photosynthetic parameters and up-regulated the antioxidant system by improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of non-enzymatic components. In addition, the application of Kn and Spd resulted in significant improvement in the content of sugars, proline, and glycine betaine, ameliorating the decline in relative water content. Oxidative stress parameters including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, lipid peroxidation, lipoxygenase activity, and electrolyte leakage increased due to Cd stress; however, the application of Kn and Spd imparted a significant decline in all these parameters. Further, reduced Cd uptake was also observed due to Kn and Spd application. Total phenols and flavonoids also increased due to Kn and Spd treatments under normal as well as Cd stress conditions, which may have further helped with the elimination of reactive oxygen species. Reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase and the content of nitrogen was ameliorated due to the exogenous application of Kn and Spd. Therefore, the exogenous application of Kn and Spd benefited <i>Vigna angularis </i>counteracting the damaging effects of Cd stress by up-regulating the tolerance mechanisms, including antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:53:23Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:53:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
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| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-c18865924f5049d5a13e487d9302256a2022-12-22T02:38:53ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2020-01-0110114710.3390/biom10010147biom10010147Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in <em>Vigna angularis</em> by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium StressMohammad Abass Ahanger0Usman Aziz1Abdulaziz Alsahli2Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni3Parvaiz Ahmad4College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaPot experiments were conducted to investigate the probable beneficial role of the individual as well as combined application of kinetin (50 μM Kn) and spermidine (200 μM Spd) on <i>Vigna angularis </i>under<i> </i>cadmium (Cd) stress. Cd treatment reduced growth by declining the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, photosynthesis, and gas exchange parameters. Exogenously, Kn and Spd application enhanced the photosynthetic parameters and up-regulated the antioxidant system by improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of non-enzymatic components. In addition, the application of Kn and Spd resulted in significant improvement in the content of sugars, proline, and glycine betaine, ameliorating the decline in relative water content. Oxidative stress parameters including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, lipid peroxidation, lipoxygenase activity, and electrolyte leakage increased due to Cd stress; however, the application of Kn and Spd imparted a significant decline in all these parameters. Further, reduced Cd uptake was also observed due to Kn and Spd application. Total phenols and flavonoids also increased due to Kn and Spd treatments under normal as well as Cd stress conditions, which may have further helped with the elimination of reactive oxygen species. Reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase and the content of nitrogen was ameliorated due to the exogenous application of Kn and Spd. Therefore, the exogenous application of Kn and Spd benefited <i>Vigna angularis </i>counteracting the damaging effects of Cd stress by up-regulating the tolerance mechanisms, including antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/1/147oxidative damageantioxidantssecondary metabolitesosmolytescadmiumvigna angularis |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Abass Ahanger Usman Aziz Abdulaziz Alsahli Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni Parvaiz Ahmad Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in <em>Vigna angularis</em> by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress Biomolecules oxidative damage antioxidants secondary metabolites osmolytes cadmium vigna angularis |
| title | Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in <em>Vigna angularis</em> by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress |
| title_full | Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in <em>Vigna angularis</em> by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress |
| title_fullStr | Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in <em>Vigna angularis</em> by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in <em>Vigna angularis</em> by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress |
| title_short | Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in <em>Vigna angularis</em> by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress |
| title_sort | combined kinetin and spermidine treatments ameliorate growth and photosynthetic inhibition in em vigna angularis em by up regulating antioxidant and nitrogen metabolism under cadmium stress |
| topic | oxidative damage antioxidants secondary metabolites osmolytes cadmium vigna angularis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/1/147 |
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