Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Thymol and Carvacrol: Toward a Unified Statistical Approach to Find Common Trends
Thymol and carvacrol are some of the most important and used components of Essential oils (EOs); they are widely studied, and there are much data available in the literature. Their Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values found in the literature from 2005 to present were used to assess the bioa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1774 |
| _version_ | 1797588116436942848 |
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| author | Barbara Speranza Antonio Bevilacqua Daniela Campaniello Clelia Altieri Maria Rosaria Corbo Milena Sinigaglia |
| author_facet | Barbara Speranza Antonio Bevilacqua Daniela Campaniello Clelia Altieri Maria Rosaria Corbo Milena Sinigaglia |
| author_sort | Barbara Speranza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thymol and carvacrol are some of the most important and used components of Essential oils (EOs); they are widely studied, and there are much data available in the literature. Their Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values found in the literature from 2005 to present were used to assess the bioactivity toward yeasts, molds, Gram-positive bacteria, and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as on some bacterial species/serotypes (<i>Salmonella</i> sp., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7, lactic acid bacteria, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i>, etc.) to find possible common trends or differences between the two compounds and among the tested species. The results were quite interesting and pointed out that there is a common range for the MIC of thymol and carvacrol for some bacterial species (150–400 mg/L), with some exceptions to this generalized statement. In addition, the statistics pointed out that bacteria could experience homogeneous (<i>S. epidermidis</i>, <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7) or heterogeneous trends (for example, <i>Salmonella</i> sp.) depending on the existence of possible sub-species or different experimental set-ups. Moreover, this paper suggests that there are some drawbacks and issues that should be solved for the effective use of EOs, which are the strong variability among the microorganisms and the lack of standard protocols and reference strains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:49:11Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:49:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1a28e2df3684e8a96499c36359b7e0d2023-11-18T20:36:15ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-07-01117177410.3390/microorganisms11071774Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Thymol and Carvacrol: Toward a Unified Statistical Approach to Find Common TrendsBarbara Speranza0Antonio Bevilacqua1Daniela Campaniello2Clelia Altieri3Maria Rosaria Corbo4Milena Sinigaglia5Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyThymol and carvacrol are some of the most important and used components of Essential oils (EOs); they are widely studied, and there are much data available in the literature. Their Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values found in the literature from 2005 to present were used to assess the bioactivity toward yeasts, molds, Gram-positive bacteria, and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as on some bacterial species/serotypes (<i>Salmonella</i> sp., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7, lactic acid bacteria, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i>, etc.) to find possible common trends or differences between the two compounds and among the tested species. The results were quite interesting and pointed out that there is a common range for the MIC of thymol and carvacrol for some bacterial species (150–400 mg/L), with some exceptions to this generalized statement. In addition, the statistics pointed out that bacteria could experience homogeneous (<i>S. epidermidis</i>, <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7) or heterogeneous trends (for example, <i>Salmonella</i> sp.) depending on the existence of possible sub-species or different experimental set-ups. Moreover, this paper suggests that there are some drawbacks and issues that should be solved for the effective use of EOs, which are the strong variability among the microorganisms and the lack of standard protocols and reference strains.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1774thymolcarvacrolMinimal Inhibitory Concentrationstandardizationtrendsdissimilarities |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Speranza Antonio Bevilacqua Daniela Campaniello Clelia Altieri Maria Rosaria Corbo Milena Sinigaglia Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Thymol and Carvacrol: Toward a Unified Statistical Approach to Find Common Trends Microorganisms thymol carvacrol Minimal Inhibitory Concentration standardization trends dissimilarities |
| title | Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Thymol and Carvacrol: Toward a Unified Statistical Approach to Find Common Trends |
| title_full | Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Thymol and Carvacrol: Toward a Unified Statistical Approach to Find Common Trends |
| title_fullStr | Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Thymol and Carvacrol: Toward a Unified Statistical Approach to Find Common Trends |
| title_full_unstemmed | Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Thymol and Carvacrol: Toward a Unified Statistical Approach to Find Common Trends |
| title_short | Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Thymol and Carvacrol: Toward a Unified Statistical Approach to Find Common Trends |
| title_sort | minimal inhibitory concentrations of thymol and carvacrol toward a unified statistical approach to find common trends |
| topic | thymol carvacrol Minimal Inhibitory Concentration standardization trends dissimilarities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1774 |
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