Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Reversing T-Cell Exhaustion
T-cell exhaustion refers to a state of T-cell dysfunction commonly observed in chronic infections and cancer. Immune checkpoint molecules blockading using PD-1 and TIM-3 antibodies have shown promising results in reversing exhaustion, but this approach has several limitations. The treatment of T-cel...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1396 |
| _version_ | 1797318758505644032 |
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| author | Fei Li Yahong Wang Dandan Chen Yunjie Du |
| author_facet | Fei Li Yahong Wang Dandan Chen Yunjie Du |
| author_sort | Fei Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | T-cell exhaustion refers to a state of T-cell dysfunction commonly observed in chronic infections and cancer. Immune checkpoint molecules blockading using PD-1 and TIM-3 antibodies have shown promising results in reversing exhaustion, but this approach has several limitations. The treatment of T-cell exhaustion is still facing great challenges, making it imperative to explore new therapeutic strategies. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have successfully been applied as drug carriers and delivery systems in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Furthermore, nanoparticle-based immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial approach to reverse exhaustion. Here, we have compiled the latest advances in T-cell exhaustion, with a particular focus on the characteristics of exhaustion that can be targeted. Additionally, the emerging nanoparticle-based delivery systems were also reviewed. Moreover, we have discussed, in detail, nanoparticle-based immunotherapies that aim to reverse exhaustion, including targeting immune checkpoint blockades, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, and targeting the metabolism of exhausted T cells, etc. These data could aid in comprehending the immunopathogenesis of exhaustion and accomplishing the objective of preventing and treating chronic diseases or cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:57:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1a75ce95b4b4f2688fe827fd3afd4b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:57:01Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1a75ce95b4b4f2688fe827fd3afd4b32024-02-09T15:13:05ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-01-01253139610.3390/ijms25031396Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Reversing T-Cell ExhaustionFei Li0Yahong Wang1Dandan Chen2Yunjie Du3Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaT-cell exhaustion refers to a state of T-cell dysfunction commonly observed in chronic infections and cancer. Immune checkpoint molecules blockading using PD-1 and TIM-3 antibodies have shown promising results in reversing exhaustion, but this approach has several limitations. The treatment of T-cell exhaustion is still facing great challenges, making it imperative to explore new therapeutic strategies. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have successfully been applied as drug carriers and delivery systems in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Furthermore, nanoparticle-based immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial approach to reverse exhaustion. Here, we have compiled the latest advances in T-cell exhaustion, with a particular focus on the characteristics of exhaustion that can be targeted. Additionally, the emerging nanoparticle-based delivery systems were also reviewed. Moreover, we have discussed, in detail, nanoparticle-based immunotherapies that aim to reverse exhaustion, including targeting immune checkpoint blockades, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, and targeting the metabolism of exhausted T cells, etc. These data could aid in comprehending the immunopathogenesis of exhaustion and accomplishing the objective of preventing and treating chronic diseases or cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1396T-cell exhaustionnanoparticleimmune checkpoint blockadetumor microenvironmentT cell metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Fei Li Yahong Wang Dandan Chen Yunjie Du Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Reversing T-Cell Exhaustion International Journal of Molecular Sciences T-cell exhaustion nanoparticle immune checkpoint blockade tumor microenvironment T cell metabolism |
| title | Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Reversing T-Cell Exhaustion |
| title_full | Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Reversing T-Cell Exhaustion |
| title_fullStr | Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Reversing T-Cell Exhaustion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Reversing T-Cell Exhaustion |
| title_short | Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Reversing T-Cell Exhaustion |
| title_sort | nanoparticle based immunotherapy for reversing t cell exhaustion |
| topic | T-cell exhaustion nanoparticle immune checkpoint blockade tumor microenvironment T cell metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1396 |
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