Resonant Chains and the Convergent Migration of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks
An increasing number of compact planetary systems with multiple planets in a resonant chain have been detected. The resonant chain must be maintained by convergent migration of the planets due to planet–disk interactions if it is formed before the dispersal of the protoplanetary gas disk. For type I...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad1f60 |
| _version_ | 1827349737326510080 |
|---|---|
| author | Ka Ho Wong Man Hoi Lee |
| author_facet | Ka Ho Wong Man Hoi Lee |
| author_sort | Ka Ho Wong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An increasing number of compact planetary systems with multiple planets in a resonant chain have been detected. The resonant chain must be maintained by convergent migration of the planets due to planet–disk interactions if it is formed before the dispersal of the protoplanetary gas disk. For type I migration in an adiabatic disk, we show that an analytic criterion for convergent migration can be developed by requiring that any part of the resonant chain should be convergently migrating toward the remaining part. The criterion depends primarily on the logarithmic gradients α and β of the surface density and temperature profiles of the disk, respectively, and it is independent of the absolute values of the surface density and temperature. The analytic criterion is applied to the Kepler-60, Kepler-80, Kepler-223, TOI-178, and TRAPPIST-1 systems. Due to the variation of planetary masses within the resonant chains, we find that convergent migration typically requires rather extreme values of ( α , β ) that have little or no overlap with common disk models. Finally, we show that there is an empirical relationship between the distance of the innermost planet from the central star and the stellar mass for the observed resonant chain systems, which supports the idea that the resonant chains are formed and maintained by stalling the migration of the innermost planet near the inner edge of the disk truncated by the magnetic fields of the protostar. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T00:46:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1a7d62d0b7841d7b1e29fbfbee4437a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T00:46:26Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1a7d62d0b7841d7b1e29fbfbee4437a2024-02-15T09:53:27ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812024-01-01167311210.3847/1538-3881/ad1f60Resonant Chains and the Convergent Migration of Planets in Protoplanetary DisksKa Ho Wong0Man Hoi Lee1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1930-5683Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong KongDepartment of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong KongAn increasing number of compact planetary systems with multiple planets in a resonant chain have been detected. The resonant chain must be maintained by convergent migration of the planets due to planet–disk interactions if it is formed before the dispersal of the protoplanetary gas disk. For type I migration in an adiabatic disk, we show that an analytic criterion for convergent migration can be developed by requiring that any part of the resonant chain should be convergently migrating toward the remaining part. The criterion depends primarily on the logarithmic gradients α and β of the surface density and temperature profiles of the disk, respectively, and it is independent of the absolute values of the surface density and temperature. The analytic criterion is applied to the Kepler-60, Kepler-80, Kepler-223, TOI-178, and TRAPPIST-1 systems. Due to the variation of planetary masses within the resonant chains, we find that convergent migration typically requires rather extreme values of ( α , β ) that have little or no overlap with common disk models. Finally, we show that there is an empirical relationship between the distance of the innermost planet from the central star and the stellar mass for the observed resonant chain systems, which supports the idea that the resonant chains are formed and maintained by stalling the migration of the innermost planet near the inner edge of the disk truncated by the magnetic fields of the protostar.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad1f60Celestial mechanicsProtoplanetary disksExoplanet systemsPlanetary system formation |
| spellingShingle | Ka Ho Wong Man Hoi Lee Resonant Chains and the Convergent Migration of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks The Astronomical Journal Celestial mechanics Protoplanetary disks Exoplanet systems Planetary system formation |
| title | Resonant Chains and the Convergent Migration of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_full | Resonant Chains and the Convergent Migration of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_fullStr | Resonant Chains and the Convergent Migration of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resonant Chains and the Convergent Migration of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_short | Resonant Chains and the Convergent Migration of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks |
| title_sort | resonant chains and the convergent migration of planets in protoplanetary disks |
| topic | Celestial mechanics Protoplanetary disks Exoplanet systems Planetary system formation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad1f60 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kahowong resonantchainsandtheconvergentmigrationofplanetsinprotoplanetarydisks AT manhoilee resonantchainsandtheconvergentmigrationofplanetsinprotoplanetarydisks |