Overexpression of PD-1 on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Its Association with High Viral Loads of Epstein-Barr Virus and Poor Clinical Parameters
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare but severe disease with the elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries without a known trigger of vascular remodelling. It leads to the right heart failure with reduced survival. Changes in the immunological landscape of the lungs an...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1966 |
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| author | Michał Tomaszewski Ewelina Grywalska Andrzej Tomaszewski Piotr Błaszczak Marcin Kurzyna Jacek Roliński Grzegorz Kopeć |
| author_facet | Michał Tomaszewski Ewelina Grywalska Andrzej Tomaszewski Piotr Błaszczak Marcin Kurzyna Jacek Roliński Grzegorz Kopeć |
| author_sort | Michał Tomaszewski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare but severe disease with the elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries without a known trigger of vascular remodelling. It leads to the right heart failure with reduced survival. Changes in the immunological landscape of the lungs and the periphery are common in IPAH patients, suggesting an immune system dysfunction. A cohort of 25 IPAH patients was enrolled in our study to investigate a link between the patient’s clinical status, immune parameters of the blood, and the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. We found significant alterations of the patients’ peripheral blood parameters. Therein, T lymphocytes and NK cell counts were decreased in the IPAH patients’ blood, while the proportion of regulatory T cells was increased. Additionally, levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-2, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were elevated. We identified a weak correlation between EBV loads and IPAH patients’ clinical state (r = 0.54) and between EBV loads and overexpression of PD-1 on helper T cells (r = 0.56). We speculate that a significant dysregulation of the immune system homeostasis observed in IPAH patients may contribute to increased susceptibility of those patients to EBV infection, yet further longitudinal studies are required to characterize this relation in detail. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:55:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1a842df95474782b60b6c3cd1de15c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:55:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1a842df95474782b60b6c3cd1de15c72023-11-20T04:46:42ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-06-0196196610.3390/jcm9061966Overexpression of PD-1 on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Its Association with High Viral Loads of Epstein-Barr Virus and Poor Clinical ParametersMichał Tomaszewski0Ewelina Grywalska1Andrzej Tomaszewski2Piotr Błaszczak3Marcin Kurzyna4Jacek Roliński5Grzegorz Kopeć6Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Cardiology, Cardinal Wyszynski Hospital, 20-718 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Pulmonary Circulation, Thromboembolic Diseases and Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Fryderyk Chopin Hospital in European Health Centre Otwock, 05-400 Otwock, PolandDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Centre for Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krakow, PolandIdiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare but severe disease with the elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries without a known trigger of vascular remodelling. It leads to the right heart failure with reduced survival. Changes in the immunological landscape of the lungs and the periphery are common in IPAH patients, suggesting an immune system dysfunction. A cohort of 25 IPAH patients was enrolled in our study to investigate a link between the patient’s clinical status, immune parameters of the blood, and the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. We found significant alterations of the patients’ peripheral blood parameters. Therein, T lymphocytes and NK cell counts were decreased in the IPAH patients’ blood, while the proportion of regulatory T cells was increased. Additionally, levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-2, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were elevated. We identified a weak correlation between EBV loads and IPAH patients’ clinical state (r = 0.54) and between EBV loads and overexpression of PD-1 on helper T cells (r = 0.56). We speculate that a significant dysregulation of the immune system homeostasis observed in IPAH patients may contribute to increased susceptibility of those patients to EBV infection, yet further longitudinal studies are required to characterize this relation in detail.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1966idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertensionIPAHcardiovascular diseaseEpstein–Barr virusEBVPD-1 |
| spellingShingle | Michał Tomaszewski Ewelina Grywalska Andrzej Tomaszewski Piotr Błaszczak Marcin Kurzyna Jacek Roliński Grzegorz Kopeć Overexpression of PD-1 on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Its Association with High Viral Loads of Epstein-Barr Virus and Poor Clinical Parameters Journal of Clinical Medicine idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension IPAH cardiovascular disease Epstein–Barr virus EBV PD-1 |
| title | Overexpression of PD-1 on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Its Association with High Viral Loads of Epstein-Barr Virus and Poor Clinical Parameters |
| title_full | Overexpression of PD-1 on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Its Association with High Viral Loads of Epstein-Barr Virus and Poor Clinical Parameters |
| title_fullStr | Overexpression of PD-1 on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Its Association with High Viral Loads of Epstein-Barr Virus and Poor Clinical Parameters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overexpression of PD-1 on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Its Association with High Viral Loads of Epstein-Barr Virus and Poor Clinical Parameters |
| title_short | Overexpression of PD-1 on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Its Association with High Viral Loads of Epstein-Barr Virus and Poor Clinical Parameters |
| title_sort | overexpression of pd 1 on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and its association with high viral loads of epstein barr virus and poor clinical parameters |
| topic | idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension IPAH cardiovascular disease Epstein–Barr virus EBV PD-1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1966 |
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