Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field of research that studies materials having dimensions of less than 100 nanometers. It is applicable in many areas of life sciences and medicine including skin care and personal hygiene, as these materials are the essential components of various cosmetics a...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1363 |
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| author | Samrin Habib Farzana Rashid Hunaiza Tahir Iram Liaqat Asma Abdul Latif Sajida Naseem Awais Khalid Nazima Haider Umme Hani Rehab A. Dawoud Yosra Modafer Asia Bibi Ohoud A. Jefri |
| author_facet | Samrin Habib Farzana Rashid Hunaiza Tahir Iram Liaqat Asma Abdul Latif Sajida Naseem Awais Khalid Nazima Haider Umme Hani Rehab A. Dawoud Yosra Modafer Asia Bibi Ohoud A. Jefri |
| author_sort | Samrin Habib |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field of research that studies materials having dimensions of less than 100 nanometers. It is applicable in many areas of life sciences and medicine including skin care and personal hygiene, as these materials are the essential components of various cosmetics and sunscreens. The aim of the present study was to synthesize Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) by using <i>Calotropis procera</i> (<i>C. procera</i>) leaf extract. Green synthesized NPs were characterized by UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to investigate their structure, size, and physical properties. The antibacterial and synergistic effects of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs along with antibiotics were also observed against bacterial isolates. The antioxidant activity of synthesized NPs was analyzed by their α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. In vivo toxic effects of the synthesized NPs were evaluated in albino mice at different doses (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight) of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs administered orally for 7, 14, and 21 days. The antibacterial results showed that the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the bacterial strains, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> showed the highest ZOI, i.e., 17 and 14 mm against ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, respectively, while <i>Escherichia coli</i> showed the lowest ZOI, i.e., 12 and 10 mm, respectively. Therefore, ZnO NPs are potent antibacterial agents compared to TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. Both NPs showed synergistic effects with antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and imipenem). Moreover, the DPPH activity showed that ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs have significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05) higher antioxidant activity, i.e., 53% and 58.7%, respectively, which indicated that TiO<sub>2</sub> has good antioxidant potential compared to ZnO NPs. However, the histological changes after exposure to different doses of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs showed toxicity-related changes in the structure of the kidney compared to the control group. The current study provided valuable information about the antibacterial, antioxidant, and toxicity impacts of green synthesized ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, which can be influential in the further study of their eco-toxicological effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:08:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1a97b69b09a417ba6325ce732c56dcf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:08:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1a97b69b09a417ba6325ce732c56dcf2023-11-18T11:40:53ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-05-01116136310.3390/microorganisms11061363Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide NanoparticlesSamrin Habib0Farzana Rashid1Hunaiza Tahir2Iram Liaqat3Asma Abdul Latif4Sajida Naseem5Awais Khalid6Nazima Haider7Umme Hani8Rehab A. Dawoud9Yosra Modafer10Asia Bibi11Ohoud A. Jefri12Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, PakistanMicrobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, University of Education, Lower Mall Campus, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Physics, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, PakistanDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, The Women University, Multan 66000, PakistanDepartment of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaNanotechnology is a rapidly developing field of research that studies materials having dimensions of less than 100 nanometers. It is applicable in many areas of life sciences and medicine including skin care and personal hygiene, as these materials are the essential components of various cosmetics and sunscreens. The aim of the present study was to synthesize Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) by using <i>Calotropis procera</i> (<i>C. procera</i>) leaf extract. Green synthesized NPs were characterized by UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to investigate their structure, size, and physical properties. The antibacterial and synergistic effects of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs along with antibiotics were also observed against bacterial isolates. The antioxidant activity of synthesized NPs was analyzed by their α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. In vivo toxic effects of the synthesized NPs were evaluated in albino mice at different doses (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight) of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs administered orally for 7, 14, and 21 days. The antibacterial results showed that the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the bacterial strains, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> showed the highest ZOI, i.e., 17 and 14 mm against ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, respectively, while <i>Escherichia coli</i> showed the lowest ZOI, i.e., 12 and 10 mm, respectively. Therefore, ZnO NPs are potent antibacterial agents compared to TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. Both NPs showed synergistic effects with antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and imipenem). Moreover, the DPPH activity showed that ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs have significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05) higher antioxidant activity, i.e., 53% and 58.7%, respectively, which indicated that TiO<sub>2</sub> has good antioxidant potential compared to ZnO NPs. However, the histological changes after exposure to different doses of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs showed toxicity-related changes in the structure of the kidney compared to the control group. The current study provided valuable information about the antibacterial, antioxidant, and toxicity impacts of green synthesized ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, which can be influential in the further study of their eco-toxicological effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1363antibacterialantioxidantcytotoxicity<i>Calotropis procera</i>nanoparticlesTiO<sub>2</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Samrin Habib Farzana Rashid Hunaiza Tahir Iram Liaqat Asma Abdul Latif Sajida Naseem Awais Khalid Nazima Haider Umme Hani Rehab A. Dawoud Yosra Modafer Asia Bibi Ohoud A. Jefri Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Microorganisms antibacterial antioxidant cytotoxicity <i>Calotropis procera</i> nanoparticles TiO<sub>2</sub> |
| title | Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles |
| title_full | Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles |
| title_short | Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of biosynthesized zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles |
| topic | antibacterial antioxidant cytotoxicity <i>Calotropis procera</i> nanoparticles TiO<sub>2</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1363 |
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