Associations between Milk and Dairy Product Intake, Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio, and Socioeconomic Status in Japanese Male Adolescents
Although socioeconomic status (SES) may affect children’s urinary electrolytic excretion and dietary intakes, few studies have reported the association between SES and urinary sodium (Na)-to-potassium (K) ratio in Japanese adolescents and children. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the asso...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Adolescents |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/2/1/8 |
| _version_ | 1827629935520382976 |
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| author | Yosuke Nagashima Akiko Horikawa Ayana Mitsume Mari Mori |
| author_facet | Yosuke Nagashima Akiko Horikawa Ayana Mitsume Mari Mori |
| author_sort | Yosuke Nagashima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although socioeconomic status (SES) may affect children’s urinary electrolytic excretion and dietary intakes, few studies have reported the association between SES and urinary sodium (Na)-to-potassium (K) ratio in Japanese adolescents and children. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between SES and urinary Na/K ratio (Analysis 1) and between dietary intake and urinary Na/K ratio to determine the SES effects in children and adolescents (Analysis 2). This cross-sectional study included 168 Japanese male adolescent and child football players. The urinary Na/K ratio was calculated from three spot urinary electrolyte values. Multiple regression analysis was performed in both first and second analyses to assess the associations between SES and the urinary Na/K ratio and between dietary intake and the urinary Na/K ratio for ages 9–12 and 13–15 years separately. The mean urinary Na/K ratio was 4.8, with higher SES associated with a lower urinary Na/K ratio. Our results suggested that urinary Na/K ratios in Japanese child football players were high due to poor childhood diets, and higher SES was associated with lower urinary Na/K ratios. Further, milk and dairy products are associated with the urinary Na/K ratio, independent of SES in children and adolescents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:00:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1b4f02e82a8417e8554df912434c3d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-7051 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:00:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Adolescents |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1b4f02e82a8417e8554df912434c3d62023-11-30T10:27:33ZengMDPI AGAdolescents2673-70512022-02-0121738510.3390/adolescents2010008Associations between Milk and Dairy Product Intake, Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio, and Socioeconomic Status in Japanese Male AdolescentsYosuke Nagashima0Akiko Horikawa1Ayana Mitsume2Mari Mori3Department of Health Science, Musashigaoka Junior College, 111-1 Minamiyoshimi, Yoshimi 355-0154, Saitama, JapanDepartment of Sport Science, School of Human and Social Sciences, Tokyo International University, 2509 Matoba, Kawagoe 350-1198, Saitama, JapanDepartment of Health Science, Musashigaoka Junior College, 111-1 Minamiyoshimi, Yoshimi 355-0154, Saitama, JapanDepartment of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Kanagawa, JapanAlthough socioeconomic status (SES) may affect children’s urinary electrolytic excretion and dietary intakes, few studies have reported the association between SES and urinary sodium (Na)-to-potassium (K) ratio in Japanese adolescents and children. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between SES and urinary Na/K ratio (Analysis 1) and between dietary intake and urinary Na/K ratio to determine the SES effects in children and adolescents (Analysis 2). This cross-sectional study included 168 Japanese male adolescent and child football players. The urinary Na/K ratio was calculated from three spot urinary electrolyte values. Multiple regression analysis was performed in both first and second analyses to assess the associations between SES and the urinary Na/K ratio and between dietary intake and the urinary Na/K ratio for ages 9–12 and 13–15 years separately. The mean urinary Na/K ratio was 4.8, with higher SES associated with a lower urinary Na/K ratio. Our results suggested that urinary Na/K ratios in Japanese child football players were high due to poor childhood diets, and higher SES was associated with lower urinary Na/K ratios. Further, milk and dairy products are associated with the urinary Na/K ratio, independent of SES in children and adolescents.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/2/1/8cardiovascular diseasesadolescents and childrenurinary sodium-to-potassium ratiodietary intakesocioeconomic status |
| spellingShingle | Yosuke Nagashima Akiko Horikawa Ayana Mitsume Mari Mori Associations between Milk and Dairy Product Intake, Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio, and Socioeconomic Status in Japanese Male Adolescents Adolescents cardiovascular diseases adolescents and children urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio dietary intake socioeconomic status |
| title | Associations between Milk and Dairy Product Intake, Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio, and Socioeconomic Status in Japanese Male Adolescents |
| title_full | Associations between Milk and Dairy Product Intake, Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio, and Socioeconomic Status in Japanese Male Adolescents |
| title_fullStr | Associations between Milk and Dairy Product Intake, Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio, and Socioeconomic Status in Japanese Male Adolescents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations between Milk and Dairy Product Intake, Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio, and Socioeconomic Status in Japanese Male Adolescents |
| title_short | Associations between Milk and Dairy Product Intake, Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio, and Socioeconomic Status in Japanese Male Adolescents |
| title_sort | associations between milk and dairy product intake urinary sodium to potassium ratio and socioeconomic status in japanese male adolescents |
| topic | cardiovascular diseases adolescents and children urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio dietary intake socioeconomic status |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/2/1/8 |
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