Small ice particles at slightly supercooled temperatures in tropical maritime convection
<p>In this paper we show that the origin of the ice phase in tropical cumulus clouds over the sea may occur by primary ice nucleation of small crystals at temperatures just between 0 and <span class="inline-formula">−5</span> <span class="inline-formula...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/3895/2020/acp-20-3895-2020.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818295376148430848 |
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| author | G. Lloyd G. Lloyd T. Choularton K. Bower J. Crosier J. Crosier M. Gallagher M. Flynn J. Dorsey J. Dorsey D. Liu J. W. Taylor O. Schlenczek O. Schlenczek O. Schlenczek J. Fugal J. Fugal J. Fugal S. Borrmann S. Borrmann R. Cotton P. Field P. Field A. Blyth |
| author_facet | G. Lloyd G. Lloyd T. Choularton K. Bower J. Crosier J. Crosier M. Gallagher M. Flynn J. Dorsey J. Dorsey D. Liu J. W. Taylor O. Schlenczek O. Schlenczek O. Schlenczek J. Fugal J. Fugal J. Fugal S. Borrmann S. Borrmann R. Cotton P. Field P. Field A. Blyth |
| author_sort | G. Lloyd |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>In this paper we show that the origin of the ice phase in tropical cumulus
clouds over the sea may occur by primary ice nucleation of small crystals at
temperatures just between 0 and <span class="inline-formula">−5</span> <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C. This was made possible
through use of a holographic instrument able to image cloud particles at
very high resolution and small size (6 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m). The environment in which
the observations were conducted was notable for the presence of desert dust
advected over the ocean from the Sahara. However, there is no laboratory
evidence to suggest that these dust particles can act as ice nuclei at
temperatures warmer than about <span class="inline-formula">−10</span> <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C, the zone in which the first
ice was observed in these clouds. The small ice particles were observed to
grow rapidly by vapour diffusion, riming, and possibly through collisions
with supercooled raindrops, causing these to freeze and potentially shatter.
This in turn leads to the further production of secondary ice in these
clouds. Hence, although the numbers of primary ice particles are small, they
are very effective in initiating the rapid glaciation of the cloud, altering
the dynamics and precipitation production processes.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T03:46:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1b53beeaa0f48bc845ad7c551512fbb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T03:46:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1b53beeaa0f48bc845ad7c551512fbb2022-12-22T00:00:49ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242020-03-01203895390410.5194/acp-20-3895-2020Small ice particles at slightly supercooled temperatures in tropical maritime convectionG. Lloyd0G. Lloyd1T. Choularton2K. Bower3J. Crosier4J. Crosier5M. Gallagher6M. Flynn7J. Dorsey8J. Dorsey9D. Liu10J. W. Taylor11O. Schlenczek12O. Schlenczek13O. Schlenczek14J. Fugal15J. Fugal16J. Fugal17S. Borrmann18S. Borrmann19R. Cotton20P. Field21P. Field22A. Blyth23Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Manchester, M13 9PL, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Manchester, M13 9PL, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Manchester, M13 9PL, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKInstitute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, GermanyParticle Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germanynow at: Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, GermanyParticle Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germanynow at: SeeReal Technologies, Dresden, GermanyInstitute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, GermanyParticle Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyMet Office, Exeter, UKMet Office, Exeter, UKSchool of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK<p>In this paper we show that the origin of the ice phase in tropical cumulus clouds over the sea may occur by primary ice nucleation of small crystals at temperatures just between 0 and <span class="inline-formula">−5</span> <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C. This was made possible through use of a holographic instrument able to image cloud particles at very high resolution and small size (6 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m). The environment in which the observations were conducted was notable for the presence of desert dust advected over the ocean from the Sahara. However, there is no laboratory evidence to suggest that these dust particles can act as ice nuclei at temperatures warmer than about <span class="inline-formula">−10</span> <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C, the zone in which the first ice was observed in these clouds. The small ice particles were observed to grow rapidly by vapour diffusion, riming, and possibly through collisions with supercooled raindrops, causing these to freeze and potentially shatter. This in turn leads to the further production of secondary ice in these clouds. Hence, although the numbers of primary ice particles are small, they are very effective in initiating the rapid glaciation of the cloud, altering the dynamics and precipitation production processes.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/3895/2020/acp-20-3895-2020.pdf |
| spellingShingle | G. Lloyd G. Lloyd T. Choularton K. Bower J. Crosier J. Crosier M. Gallagher M. Flynn J. Dorsey J. Dorsey D. Liu J. W. Taylor O. Schlenczek O. Schlenczek O. Schlenczek J. Fugal J. Fugal J. Fugal S. Borrmann S. Borrmann R. Cotton P. Field P. Field A. Blyth Small ice particles at slightly supercooled temperatures in tropical maritime convection Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Small ice particles at slightly supercooled temperatures in tropical maritime convection |
| title_full | Small ice particles at slightly supercooled temperatures in tropical maritime convection |
| title_fullStr | Small ice particles at slightly supercooled temperatures in tropical maritime convection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Small ice particles at slightly supercooled temperatures in tropical maritime convection |
| title_short | Small ice particles at slightly supercooled temperatures in tropical maritime convection |
| title_sort | small ice particles at slightly supercooled temperatures in tropical maritime convection |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/3895/2020/acp-20-3895-2020.pdf |
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