Rho-Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular Oedema
Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is one of the leading causes of vision loss associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). New insights in managing this condition have changed the paradigm in its treatment, with intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) having become th...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| author | Milagros Mateos-Olivares Luis García-Onrubia Fco. Javier Valentín-Bravo Rogelio González-Sarmiento Maribel Lopez-Galvez J. Carlos Pastor Ricardo Usategui-Martín Salvador Pastor-Idoate |
| author_facet | Milagros Mateos-Olivares Luis García-Onrubia Fco. Javier Valentín-Bravo Rogelio González-Sarmiento Maribel Lopez-Galvez J. Carlos Pastor Ricardo Usategui-Martín Salvador Pastor-Idoate |
| author_sort | Milagros Mateos-Olivares |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is one of the leading causes of vision loss associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). New insights in managing this condition have changed the paradigm in its treatment, with intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) having become the standard therapy for DMO worldwide. However, there is no single standard therapy for all patients DMO refractory to anti-VEGF treatment; thus, further investigation is still needed. The key obstacles in developing suitable therapeutics for refractory DMO lie in its complex pathophysiology; therefore, there is an opportunity for further improvements in the progress and applications of new drugs. Previous studies have indicated that Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase/ROCK) is an essential molecule in the pathogenesis of DMO. This is why the Rho/ROCK signalling pathway has been proposed as a possible target for new treatments. The present review focuses on the recent progress on the possible role of ROCK and its therapeutic potential in DMO. A systematic literature search was performed, covering the years 1991 to 2021, using the following keywords: “rho-Associated Kinas-es”, “Diabetic Retinopathy”, “Macular Edema”, “Ripasudil”, “Fasudil” and “Netarsudil”. Better insight into the pathological role of Rho-kinase/ROCK may lead to the development of new strategies for refractory DMO treatment and prevention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:43:27Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:43:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1bbce6719eb40d0b3a3411028d58aed2023-11-22T03:28:21ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-07-01107168310.3390/cells10071683Rho-Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular OedemaMilagros Mateos-Olivares0Luis García-Onrubia1Fco. Javier Valentín-Bravo2Rogelio González-Sarmiento3Maribel Lopez-Galvez4J. Carlos Pastor5Ricardo Usategui-Martín6Salvador Pastor-Idoate7Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, SpainArea of Infectious, Inflammatory and Metabolic Disease, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, SpainRetina Group, IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology), University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, SpainDiabetic macular oedema (DMO) is one of the leading causes of vision loss associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). New insights in managing this condition have changed the paradigm in its treatment, with intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) having become the standard therapy for DMO worldwide. However, there is no single standard therapy for all patients DMO refractory to anti-VEGF treatment; thus, further investigation is still needed. The key obstacles in developing suitable therapeutics for refractory DMO lie in its complex pathophysiology; therefore, there is an opportunity for further improvements in the progress and applications of new drugs. Previous studies have indicated that Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase/ROCK) is an essential molecule in the pathogenesis of DMO. This is why the Rho/ROCK signalling pathway has been proposed as a possible target for new treatments. The present review focuses on the recent progress on the possible role of ROCK and its therapeutic potential in DMO. A systematic literature search was performed, covering the years 1991 to 2021, using the following keywords: “rho-Associated Kinas-es”, “Diabetic Retinopathy”, “Macular Edema”, “Ripasudil”, “Fasudil” and “Netarsudil”. Better insight into the pathological role of Rho-kinase/ROCK may lead to the development of new strategies for refractory DMO treatment and prevention.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/7/1683diabetic macular oedemadiabetic retinopathymacular oedemarho-associated kinases |
| spellingShingle | Milagros Mateos-Olivares Luis García-Onrubia Fco. Javier Valentín-Bravo Rogelio González-Sarmiento Maribel Lopez-Galvez J. Carlos Pastor Ricardo Usategui-Martín Salvador Pastor-Idoate Rho-Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular Oedema Cells diabetic macular oedema diabetic retinopathy macular oedema rho-associated kinases |
| title | Rho-Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular Oedema |
| title_full | Rho-Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular Oedema |
| title_fullStr | Rho-Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular Oedema |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rho-Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular Oedema |
| title_short | Rho-Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular Oedema |
| title_sort | rho kinase inhibitors for the treatment of refractory diabetic macular oedema |
| topic | diabetic macular oedema diabetic retinopathy macular oedema rho-associated kinases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/7/1683 |
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