Ethyl Acetate Fractions of <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L. and <i>Papaver nudicaule</i> L. Exert Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Abnormal inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in various diseases. <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L. possesses various pharmacological activities, and a previously reported analysis of the anti-inflammatory effect of <i>P. nudicaule</i> ethanol extracts and alkaloid profiles...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/12/1895 |
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| author | Hail Kim Sanghee Han Kwangho Song Min Young Lee BeumJin Park In Jin Ha Seok-Geun Lee |
| author_facet | Hail Kim Sanghee Han Kwangho Song Min Young Lee BeumJin Park In Jin Ha Seok-Geun Lee |
| author_sort | Hail Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abnormal inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in various diseases. <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L. possesses various pharmacological activities, and a previously reported analysis of the anti-inflammatory effect of <i>P. nudicaule</i> ethanol extracts and alkaloid profiles of the plants suggest isoquinoline alkaloids as potential pharmacologically active compounds. Here, we investigated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions of <i>P. nudicaule</i> and <i>P. rhoeas</i> extracts in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. EtOAc fractions of <i>P. nudicaule</i> and <i>P. rhoeas</i> compared to their ethanol extracts showed less toxicity but more inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide production. Moreover, EtOAc fractions lowered the LPS-induced production of proinflammatory molecules and cytokines and inhibited LPS-activated STAT3 and NF-κB, and additionally showed significant free radical scavenging activity and decreased LPS-induced reactive oxygen species and oxidized glutathione. EtOAc fractions of <i>P. nudicaule</i> increased the expression of HO-1, GCLC, NQO-1, and Nrf2 in LPS-stimulated cells and that of <i>P. rhoeas</i> enhanced NQO-1. Furthermore, metabolomic and biochemometric analyses of ethanol extracts and EtOAc fractions indicated that EtOAc fractions of <i>P. nudicaule</i> and <i>P. rhoeas</i> have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, further suggesting that alkaloids in EtOAc fractions are potent active molecules of tested plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:38:55Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:38:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1bea80097164e47a7e38227efd2df932023-11-23T03:32:31ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-11-011012189510.3390/antiox10121895Ethyl Acetate Fractions of <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L. and <i>Papaver nudicaule</i> L. Exert Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory ActivitiesHail Kim0Sanghee Han1Kwangho Song2Min Young Lee3BeumJin Park4In Jin Ha5Seok-Geun Lee6Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaGraduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaKorean Medicine Clinical Trial Center, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul 02454, KoreaKorean Medicine Clinical Trial Center, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul 02454, KoreaKorean Medicine Clinical Trial Center, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul 02454, KoreaGraduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaGraduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaAbnormal inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in various diseases. <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L. possesses various pharmacological activities, and a previously reported analysis of the anti-inflammatory effect of <i>P. nudicaule</i> ethanol extracts and alkaloid profiles of the plants suggest isoquinoline alkaloids as potential pharmacologically active compounds. Here, we investigated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions of <i>P. nudicaule</i> and <i>P. rhoeas</i> extracts in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. EtOAc fractions of <i>P. nudicaule</i> and <i>P. rhoeas</i> compared to their ethanol extracts showed less toxicity but more inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide production. Moreover, EtOAc fractions lowered the LPS-induced production of proinflammatory molecules and cytokines and inhibited LPS-activated STAT3 and NF-κB, and additionally showed significant free radical scavenging activity and decreased LPS-induced reactive oxygen species and oxidized glutathione. EtOAc fractions of <i>P. nudicaule</i> increased the expression of HO-1, GCLC, NQO-1, and Nrf2 in LPS-stimulated cells and that of <i>P. rhoeas</i> enhanced NQO-1. Furthermore, metabolomic and biochemometric analyses of ethanol extracts and EtOAc fractions indicated that EtOAc fractions of <i>P. nudicaule</i> and <i>P. rhoeas</i> have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, further suggesting that alkaloids in EtOAc fractions are potent active molecules of tested plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/12/1895<i>Papaver nudicaule</i><i>Papaver rhoeas</i>anti-inflammatoryantioxidantSTAT3NF-κB |
| spellingShingle | Hail Kim Sanghee Han Kwangho Song Min Young Lee BeumJin Park In Jin Ha Seok-Geun Lee Ethyl Acetate Fractions of <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L. and <i>Papaver nudicaule</i> L. Exert Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities Antioxidants <i>Papaver nudicaule</i> <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> anti-inflammatory antioxidant STAT3 NF-κB |
| title | Ethyl Acetate Fractions of <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L. and <i>Papaver nudicaule</i> L. Exert Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities |
| title_full | Ethyl Acetate Fractions of <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L. and <i>Papaver nudicaule</i> L. Exert Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities |
| title_fullStr | Ethyl Acetate Fractions of <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L. and <i>Papaver nudicaule</i> L. Exert Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ethyl Acetate Fractions of <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L. and <i>Papaver nudicaule</i> L. Exert Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities |
| title_short | Ethyl Acetate Fractions of <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L. and <i>Papaver nudicaule</i> L. Exert Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities |
| title_sort | ethyl acetate fractions of i papaver rhoeas i l and i papaver nudicaule i l exert antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities |
| topic | <i>Papaver nudicaule</i> <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> anti-inflammatory antioxidant STAT3 NF-κB |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/12/1895 |
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