Landsat Image-Based Retrieval and Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation of Total Suspended Solid Concentration in Jiaozhou Bay, China
The total suspended solid (TSS) concentration (mg/L) is an important parameter of water quality in coastal waters. It is of great significance to monitor the spatiotemporal distribution and variation of TSS as well as its influencing factors. In this study, a quantitative retrieval model of TSS in J...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4796 |
| _version_ | 1827674754972123136 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiang Zhang Yu Song Junjie Chen Jue Huang |
| author_facet | Xiang Zhang Yu Song Junjie Chen Jue Huang |
| author_sort | Xiang Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The total suspended solid (TSS) concentration (mg/L) is an important parameter of water quality in coastal waters. It is of great significance to monitor the spatiotemporal distribution and variation of TSS as well as its influencing factors. In this study, a quantitative retrieval model of TSS in Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) was established based on Landsat images from 1984 to 2020 (coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) = 0.77, root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.82 mg/L). In this paper, first, the long-term spatiotemporal variation of TSSs in JZB is revealed and, next, its influencing factors are further analyzed. The results show that the annual average TSSs in JZB reached their highest level in 1993 and their lowest level in 2016, showing a decreasing trend during the past decades. The TSSs were high in spring and winter and low in summer and autumn. The spatial distribution of the TSSs in JZB was similar at different timepoints, i.e., high in the northwest and gradually decreasing to the southeast. Tidal elevation exerted a significant influence on the daily variation of TSSs, and wind speed had a significant influence on the seasonal variation of TSSs. The Dagu River’s discharge only affected the TSSs at the river mouth. Tidal elevation, river discharge, and wind speed were major influence factors for TSSs’ variation in JZB. The results showed that the empirical model based on Landsat satellite data could be used to effectively monitor the long-term variation of TSSs in JZB. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:46:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1bf07d3e0bc4478b4d95bd6675f7fe8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:46:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1bf07d3e0bc4478b4d95bd6675f7fe82023-11-23T02:56:28ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-11-011323479610.3390/rs13234796Landsat Image-Based Retrieval and Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation of Total Suspended Solid Concentration in Jiaozhou Bay, ChinaXiang Zhang0Yu Song1Junjie Chen2Jue Huang3College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaThe total suspended solid (TSS) concentration (mg/L) is an important parameter of water quality in coastal waters. It is of great significance to monitor the spatiotemporal distribution and variation of TSS as well as its influencing factors. In this study, a quantitative retrieval model of TSS in Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) was established based on Landsat images from 1984 to 2020 (coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) = 0.77, root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.82 mg/L). In this paper, first, the long-term spatiotemporal variation of TSSs in JZB is revealed and, next, its influencing factors are further analyzed. The results show that the annual average TSSs in JZB reached their highest level in 1993 and their lowest level in 2016, showing a decreasing trend during the past decades. The TSSs were high in spring and winter and low in summer and autumn. The spatial distribution of the TSSs in JZB was similar at different timepoints, i.e., high in the northwest and gradually decreasing to the southeast. Tidal elevation exerted a significant influence on the daily variation of TSSs, and wind speed had a significant influence on the seasonal variation of TSSs. The Dagu River’s discharge only affected the TSSs at the river mouth. Tidal elevation, river discharge, and wind speed were major influence factors for TSSs’ variation in JZB. The results showed that the empirical model based on Landsat satellite data could be used to effectively monitor the long-term variation of TSSs in JZB.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4796JZBtotal suspended soilsocean colorLandsat |
| spellingShingle | Xiang Zhang Yu Song Junjie Chen Jue Huang Landsat Image-Based Retrieval and Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation of Total Suspended Solid Concentration in Jiaozhou Bay, China Remote Sensing JZB total suspended soils ocean color Landsat |
| title | Landsat Image-Based Retrieval and Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation of Total Suspended Solid Concentration in Jiaozhou Bay, China |
| title_full | Landsat Image-Based Retrieval and Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation of Total Suspended Solid Concentration in Jiaozhou Bay, China |
| title_fullStr | Landsat Image-Based Retrieval and Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation of Total Suspended Solid Concentration in Jiaozhou Bay, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Landsat Image-Based Retrieval and Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation of Total Suspended Solid Concentration in Jiaozhou Bay, China |
| title_short | Landsat Image-Based Retrieval and Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation of Total Suspended Solid Concentration in Jiaozhou Bay, China |
| title_sort | landsat image based retrieval and analysis of spatiotemporal variation of total suspended solid concentration in jiaozhou bay china |
| topic | JZB total suspended soils ocean color Landsat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4796 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiangzhang landsatimagebasedretrievalandanalysisofspatiotemporalvariationoftotalsuspendedsolidconcentrationinjiaozhoubaychina AT yusong landsatimagebasedretrievalandanalysisofspatiotemporalvariationoftotalsuspendedsolidconcentrationinjiaozhoubaychina AT junjiechen landsatimagebasedretrievalandanalysisofspatiotemporalvariationoftotalsuspendedsolidconcentrationinjiaozhoubaychina AT juehuang landsatimagebasedretrievalandanalysisofspatiotemporalvariationoftotalsuspendedsolidconcentrationinjiaozhoubaychina |