Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Brain Aging and Diseases
Mitochondria are thought to have become incorporated within the eukaryotic cell approximately 2 billion years ago and play a role in a variety of cellular processes, such as energy production, calcium buffering and homeostasis, steroid synthesis, cell growth, and apoptosis, as well as inflammation a...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/3/130 |
| _version_ | 1797241608966504448 |
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| author | Sydney Bartman Giuseppe Coppotelli Jaime M. Ross |
| author_facet | Sydney Bartman Giuseppe Coppotelli Jaime M. Ross |
| author_sort | Sydney Bartman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mitochondria are thought to have become incorporated within the eukaryotic cell approximately 2 billion years ago and play a role in a variety of cellular processes, such as energy production, calcium buffering and homeostasis, steroid synthesis, cell growth, and apoptosis, as well as inflammation and ROS production. Considering that mitochondria are involved in a multitude of cellular processes, mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play a role within several age-related diseases, including cancers, diabetes (type 2), and neurodegenerative diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are not entirely understood. The significant increase in lifespan and increased incidence of age-related diseases over recent decades has confirmed the necessity to understand the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction impacts the process of aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we will offer a brief overview of mitochondria, along with structure and function of this important organelle. We will then discuss the cause and consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging process, with a particular focus on its role in inflammation, cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. We will offer insight into therapies and interventions currently used to preserve or restore mitochondrial functioning during aging and neurodegeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:26:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1c6dcb947854899be318638f19194c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1467-3037 1467-3045 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:26:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1c6dcb947854899be318638f19194c72024-03-27T13:31:23ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452024-03-014631987202610.3390/cimb46030130Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Brain Aging and DiseasesSydney Bartman0Giuseppe Coppotelli1Jaime M. Ross2George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USAGeorge and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USAGeorge and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USAMitochondria are thought to have become incorporated within the eukaryotic cell approximately 2 billion years ago and play a role in a variety of cellular processes, such as energy production, calcium buffering and homeostasis, steroid synthesis, cell growth, and apoptosis, as well as inflammation and ROS production. Considering that mitochondria are involved in a multitude of cellular processes, mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play a role within several age-related diseases, including cancers, diabetes (type 2), and neurodegenerative diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are not entirely understood. The significant increase in lifespan and increased incidence of age-related diseases over recent decades has confirmed the necessity to understand the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction impacts the process of aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we will offer a brief overview of mitochondria, along with structure and function of this important organelle. We will then discuss the cause and consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging process, with a particular focus on its role in inflammation, cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. We will offer insight into therapies and interventions currently used to preserve or restore mitochondrial functioning during aging and neurodegeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/3/130mitochondriamitochondrial dysfunctionagingneurodegenerative diseases |
| spellingShingle | Sydney Bartman Giuseppe Coppotelli Jaime M. Ross Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Brain Aging and Diseases Current Issues in Molecular Biology mitochondria mitochondrial dysfunction aging neurodegenerative diseases |
| title | Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Brain Aging and Diseases |
| title_full | Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Brain Aging and Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Brain Aging and Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Brain Aging and Diseases |
| title_short | Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Brain Aging and Diseases |
| title_sort | mitochondrial dysfunction a key player in brain aging and diseases |
| topic | mitochondria mitochondrial dysfunction aging neurodegenerative diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/3/130 |
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