The Variability of Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Response to the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
The Tibetan Plateau (TP), atmosphere, and Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) together constitute a regional land–atmosphere–ocean water vapor transport system. This study uses remote sensing data, reanalysis data, and observational data to explore the spatiotemporal variations of the summer atmospheric w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4676 |
| _version_ | 1827675463204470784 |
|---|---|
| author | Deli Meng Wanjiao Song Qing Dong Zi Yin Wenbo Zhao |
| author_facet | Deli Meng Wanjiao Song Qing Dong Zi Yin Wenbo Zhao |
| author_sort | Deli Meng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Tibetan Plateau (TP), atmosphere, and Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) together constitute a regional land–atmosphere–ocean water vapor transport system. This study uses remote sensing data, reanalysis data, and observational data to explore the spatiotemporal variations of the summer atmospheric water cycle over the TP and its possible response to the air-sea interaction in the IPWP during the period 1958–2019. The results reveal that the atmospheric water cycle process over the TP presented an interannual and interdecadal strengthening trend. The climatic precipitation recycle ratio (PRR) over the TP was 18%, and the stronger the evapotranspiration, the higher the PRR. On the interdecadal scale, the change in evapotranspiration has a significant negative correlation with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. The variability of the water vapor transport (WVT) over the TP was controlled by the dynamic and thermal conditions inside the plateau and the external air-sea interaction processes of the IPWP. When the summer monsoon over the TP was strong, there was an anomalous cyclonic WVT, which increased the water vapor budget (<i>WVB</i>) over the TP. The central and eastern tropical Pacific, the maritime continent and the western Indian Ocean together constituted the triple Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly, which enhanced the convective activity over the IPWP and induced a significant easterly wind anomaly in the middle and lower troposphere, and then generated pronounced easterly WVT anomalies from the tropical Pacific to the maritime continent and the Bay of Bengal. Affected by the air-sea changes in the IPWP, the combined effects of the upstream strengthening and the downstream weakening in the water vapor transport process, directly and indirectly, increased the water vapor transport and budget of TP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:06:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1cc2cc03523436bbc7cd2bc06196100 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:06:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1cc2cc03523436bbc7cd2bc061961002023-11-23T01:21:26ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-11-011322467610.3390/rs13224676The Variability of Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Response to the Indo-Pacific Warm PoolDeli Meng0Wanjiao Song1Qing Dong2Zi Yin3Wenbo Zhao4Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaNational Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaKey Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaKey Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaThe Tibetan Plateau (TP), atmosphere, and Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) together constitute a regional land–atmosphere–ocean water vapor transport system. This study uses remote sensing data, reanalysis data, and observational data to explore the spatiotemporal variations of the summer atmospheric water cycle over the TP and its possible response to the air-sea interaction in the IPWP during the period 1958–2019. The results reveal that the atmospheric water cycle process over the TP presented an interannual and interdecadal strengthening trend. The climatic precipitation recycle ratio (PRR) over the TP was 18%, and the stronger the evapotranspiration, the higher the PRR. On the interdecadal scale, the change in evapotranspiration has a significant negative correlation with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. The variability of the water vapor transport (WVT) over the TP was controlled by the dynamic and thermal conditions inside the plateau and the external air-sea interaction processes of the IPWP. When the summer monsoon over the TP was strong, there was an anomalous cyclonic WVT, which increased the water vapor budget (<i>WVB</i>) over the TP. The central and eastern tropical Pacific, the maritime continent and the western Indian Ocean together constituted the triple Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly, which enhanced the convective activity over the IPWP and induced a significant easterly wind anomaly in the middle and lower troposphere, and then generated pronounced easterly WVT anomalies from the tropical Pacific to the maritime continent and the Bay of Bengal. Affected by the air-sea changes in the IPWP, the combined effects of the upstream strengthening and the downstream weakening in the water vapor transport process, directly and indirectly, increased the water vapor transport and budget of TP.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4676Tibetan Plateau (TP)atmospheric water cyclewater vapor budget (<i>WVB</i>)precipitation recycle ratio (PRR)Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) |
| spellingShingle | Deli Meng Wanjiao Song Qing Dong Zi Yin Wenbo Zhao The Variability of Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Response to the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool Remote Sensing Tibetan Plateau (TP) atmospheric water cycle water vapor budget (<i>WVB</i>) precipitation recycle ratio (PRR) Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) |
| title | The Variability of Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Response to the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool |
| title_full | The Variability of Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Response to the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool |
| title_fullStr | The Variability of Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Response to the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Variability of Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Response to the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool |
| title_short | The Variability of Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Response to the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool |
| title_sort | variability of summer atmospheric water cycle over the tibetan plateau and its response to the indo pacific warm pool |
| topic | Tibetan Plateau (TP) atmospheric water cycle water vapor budget (<i>WVB</i>) precipitation recycle ratio (PRR) Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4676 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT delimeng thevariabilityofsummeratmosphericwatercycleoverthetibetanplateauanditsresponsetotheindopacificwarmpool AT wanjiaosong thevariabilityofsummeratmosphericwatercycleoverthetibetanplateauanditsresponsetotheindopacificwarmpool AT qingdong thevariabilityofsummeratmosphericwatercycleoverthetibetanplateauanditsresponsetotheindopacificwarmpool AT ziyin thevariabilityofsummeratmosphericwatercycleoverthetibetanplateauanditsresponsetotheindopacificwarmpool AT wenbozhao thevariabilityofsummeratmosphericwatercycleoverthetibetanplateauanditsresponsetotheindopacificwarmpool AT delimeng variabilityofsummeratmosphericwatercycleoverthetibetanplateauanditsresponsetotheindopacificwarmpool AT wanjiaosong variabilityofsummeratmosphericwatercycleoverthetibetanplateauanditsresponsetotheindopacificwarmpool AT qingdong variabilityofsummeratmosphericwatercycleoverthetibetanplateauanditsresponsetotheindopacificwarmpool AT ziyin variabilityofsummeratmosphericwatercycleoverthetibetanplateauanditsresponsetotheindopacificwarmpool AT wenbozhao variabilityofsummeratmosphericwatercycleoverthetibetanplateauanditsresponsetotheindopacificwarmpool |