Beneficial Effects of Tamarind Trypsin Inhibitor in Chitosan–Whey Protein Nanoparticles on Hepatic Injury Induced High Glycemic Index Diet: A Preclinical Study
Several studies have sought new therapies for obesity and liver diseases. This study investigated the effect of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (TTI), nanoencapsulated in chitosan and whey protein isolate (ECW), on the liver health status of the Wistar rats fed with a high glycemi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/9968 |
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| author | Ana J. F. C. Aguiar Jaluza L. C. de Queiroz Pedro P. A. Santos Christina S. Camillo Alexandre C. Serquiz Izael S. Costa Gerciane S. Oliveira Ana F. T. Gomes Lídia L. R. Matias Rafael O. A. Costa Thaís S. Passos Ana H. A. Morais |
| author_facet | Ana J. F. C. Aguiar Jaluza L. C. de Queiroz Pedro P. A. Santos Christina S. Camillo Alexandre C. Serquiz Izael S. Costa Gerciane S. Oliveira Ana F. T. Gomes Lídia L. R. Matias Rafael O. A. Costa Thaís S. Passos Ana H. A. Morais |
| author_sort | Ana J. F. C. Aguiar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several studies have sought new therapies for obesity and liver diseases. This study investigated the effect of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (TTI), nanoencapsulated in chitosan and whey protein isolate (ECW), on the liver health status of the Wistar rats fed with a high glycemic index (HGLI) diet. The nanoformulations without TTI (CW) and ECW were obtained by nanoprecipitation technique, physically and chemically characterized, and then administered to the animals. The adult male Wistar rats (<i>n</i> = 20) were allocated to four groups: HGLI diet + water; standard diet + water; HGLI diet + ECW (12.5 mg/kg); and HGLI diet + CW (10.0 mg/kg), 1 mL per gagave, for ten days. They were evaluated using biochemical and hematological parameters, Fibrosis-4 Index for Liver Fibrosis (FIB-4), AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) scores, and liver morphology. Both nanoparticles presented spherical shape, smooth surface, and nanometric size [120.7 nm (ECW) and 136.4 nm (CW)]. In animals, ECW reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) blood glucose (17%), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (39%), and alkaline phosphatase (24%). Besides, ECW reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) APRI and FIB-4 scores and presented a better aspect of hepatic morphology. ECW promoted benefits over a liver injury caused by the HGLI diet. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:36:06Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c1d2e13a844b45ad87fc65d4bf97a2c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:36:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1d2e13a844b45ad87fc65d4bf97a2c72023-11-22T13:30:24ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-09-012218996810.3390/ijms22189968Beneficial Effects of Tamarind Trypsin Inhibitor in Chitosan–Whey Protein Nanoparticles on Hepatic Injury Induced High Glycemic Index Diet: A Preclinical StudyAna J. F. C. Aguiar0Jaluza L. C. de Queiroz1Pedro P. A. Santos2Christina S. Camillo3Alexandre C. Serquiz4Izael S. Costa5Gerciane S. Oliveira6Ana F. T. Gomes7Lídia L. R. Matias8Rafael O. A. Costa9Thaís S. Passos10Ana H. A. Morais11Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, RN, BrazilBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, RN, BrazilStructural and Functional Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, RN, BrazilStructural and Functional Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, RN, BrazilNutrition Course, University Center of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.014-545, RN, BrazilBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, RN, BrazilNutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, RN, BrazilNutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, RN, BrazilBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, RN, BrazilBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, RN, BrazilDepartment of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, RN, BrazilBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, RN, BrazilSeveral studies have sought new therapies for obesity and liver diseases. This study investigated the effect of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (TTI), nanoencapsulated in chitosan and whey protein isolate (ECW), on the liver health status of the Wistar rats fed with a high glycemic index (HGLI) diet. The nanoformulations without TTI (CW) and ECW were obtained by nanoprecipitation technique, physically and chemically characterized, and then administered to the animals. The adult male Wistar rats (<i>n</i> = 20) were allocated to four groups: HGLI diet + water; standard diet + water; HGLI diet + ECW (12.5 mg/kg); and HGLI diet + CW (10.0 mg/kg), 1 mL per gagave, for ten days. They were evaluated using biochemical and hematological parameters, Fibrosis-4 Index for Liver Fibrosis (FIB-4), AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) scores, and liver morphology. Both nanoparticles presented spherical shape, smooth surface, and nanometric size [120.7 nm (ECW) and 136.4 nm (CW)]. In animals, ECW reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) blood glucose (17%), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (39%), and alkaline phosphatase (24%). Besides, ECW reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) APRI and FIB-4 scores and presented a better aspect of hepatic morphology. ECW promoted benefits over a liver injury caused by the HGLI diet.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/9968nanoencapsulationprotease inhibitorhyperglycemia |
| spellingShingle | Ana J. F. C. Aguiar Jaluza L. C. de Queiroz Pedro P. A. Santos Christina S. Camillo Alexandre C. Serquiz Izael S. Costa Gerciane S. Oliveira Ana F. T. Gomes Lídia L. R. Matias Rafael O. A. Costa Thaís S. Passos Ana H. A. Morais Beneficial Effects of Tamarind Trypsin Inhibitor in Chitosan–Whey Protein Nanoparticles on Hepatic Injury Induced High Glycemic Index Diet: A Preclinical Study International Journal of Molecular Sciences nanoencapsulation protease inhibitor hyperglycemia |
| title | Beneficial Effects of Tamarind Trypsin Inhibitor in Chitosan–Whey Protein Nanoparticles on Hepatic Injury Induced High Glycemic Index Diet: A Preclinical Study |
| title_full | Beneficial Effects of Tamarind Trypsin Inhibitor in Chitosan–Whey Protein Nanoparticles on Hepatic Injury Induced High Glycemic Index Diet: A Preclinical Study |
| title_fullStr | Beneficial Effects of Tamarind Trypsin Inhibitor in Chitosan–Whey Protein Nanoparticles on Hepatic Injury Induced High Glycemic Index Diet: A Preclinical Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beneficial Effects of Tamarind Trypsin Inhibitor in Chitosan–Whey Protein Nanoparticles on Hepatic Injury Induced High Glycemic Index Diet: A Preclinical Study |
| title_short | Beneficial Effects of Tamarind Trypsin Inhibitor in Chitosan–Whey Protein Nanoparticles on Hepatic Injury Induced High Glycemic Index Diet: A Preclinical Study |
| title_sort | beneficial effects of tamarind trypsin inhibitor in chitosan whey protein nanoparticles on hepatic injury induced high glycemic index diet a preclinical study |
| topic | nanoencapsulation protease inhibitor hyperglycemia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/9968 |
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