Optimization of Printing Process Variables and the Effect of Post-Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Extruded Polylactic Acid–Aluminum Composites
Polymer extrusions are employed in the fabrication of crucial parts for automotive, aerospace, and other mechanical applications. The use of fillers and microfibers is contributing to the advancement of material extrusion polymers. In order to enhance their mechanical characteristics, printed materi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/24/4698 |
| _version_ | 1797379592490582016 |
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| author | Sakthi Balan Ganapathy Aravind Raj Sakthivel Jayakrishna Kandasamy Tabrej Khan Mansour Aloufi |
| author_facet | Sakthi Balan Ganapathy Aravind Raj Sakthivel Jayakrishna Kandasamy Tabrej Khan Mansour Aloufi |
| author_sort | Sakthi Balan Ganapathy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polymer extrusions are employed in the fabrication of crucial parts for automotive, aerospace, and other mechanical applications. The use of fillers and microfibers is contributing to the advancement of material extrusion polymers. In order to enhance their mechanical characteristics, printed materials undergo a post-heating process utilizing microwaves. Specimens were fabricated using polylactic acid filaments containing 2 wt% aluminum. Two sets of specimens were fabricated and subjected to testing in order to evaluate the features of extruded specimens and specimens that underwent post-heating. In terms of mechanical performance, specimens subjected to post-heating exhibited superior results compared to specimens merely subjected to extrusion. The tensile, flexural, and Shore D hardness properties of the specimens exhibited improvements of 5.07, 6.16, and 1.32%, respectively, after being subjected to heating. Furthermore, the wear rate decreased by 13.58 percent. The results of the regression analysis indicate that the print angle and the air gap exhibit the greatest influence on the observed responses. The validation test outcomes exhibit a high level of concordance with the predicted findings. The mechanical and surface properties of components extruded with filler-added material are enhanced by subsequent heating. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:25:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1ff18fb50a74d31a7fba27d96210fb5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:25:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1ff18fb50a74d31a7fba27d96210fb52023-12-22T14:36:44ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-12-011524469810.3390/polym15244698Optimization of Printing Process Variables and the Effect of Post-Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Extruded Polylactic Acid–Aluminum CompositesSakthi Balan Ganapathy0Aravind Raj Sakthivel1Jayakrishna Kandasamy2Tabrej Khan3Mansour Aloufi4Department of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering (SMEC), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering (SMEC), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering (SMEC), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, IndiaEngineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh P.O. Box 66833, Saudi ArabiaEngineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh P.O. Box 66833, Saudi ArabiaPolymer extrusions are employed in the fabrication of crucial parts for automotive, aerospace, and other mechanical applications. The use of fillers and microfibers is contributing to the advancement of material extrusion polymers. In order to enhance their mechanical characteristics, printed materials undergo a post-heating process utilizing microwaves. Specimens were fabricated using polylactic acid filaments containing 2 wt% aluminum. Two sets of specimens were fabricated and subjected to testing in order to evaluate the features of extruded specimens and specimens that underwent post-heating. In terms of mechanical performance, specimens subjected to post-heating exhibited superior results compared to specimens merely subjected to extrusion. The tensile, flexural, and Shore D hardness properties of the specimens exhibited improvements of 5.07, 6.16, and 1.32%, respectively, after being subjected to heating. Furthermore, the wear rate decreased by 13.58 percent. The results of the regression analysis indicate that the print angle and the air gap exhibit the greatest influence on the observed responses. The validation test outcomes exhibit a high level of concordance with the predicted findings. The mechanical and surface properties of components extruded with filler-added material are enhanced by subsequent heating.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/24/4698additiveannealingductilitymechanical propertiesheat deflection temperaturepost-heat-treatment behavior |
| spellingShingle | Sakthi Balan Ganapathy Aravind Raj Sakthivel Jayakrishna Kandasamy Tabrej Khan Mansour Aloufi Optimization of Printing Process Variables and the Effect of Post-Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Extruded Polylactic Acid–Aluminum Composites Polymers additive annealing ductility mechanical properties heat deflection temperature post-heat-treatment behavior |
| title | Optimization of Printing Process Variables and the Effect of Post-Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Extruded Polylactic Acid–Aluminum Composites |
| title_full | Optimization of Printing Process Variables and the Effect of Post-Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Extruded Polylactic Acid–Aluminum Composites |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Printing Process Variables and the Effect of Post-Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Extruded Polylactic Acid–Aluminum Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Printing Process Variables and the Effect of Post-Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Extruded Polylactic Acid–Aluminum Composites |
| title_short | Optimization of Printing Process Variables and the Effect of Post-Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Extruded Polylactic Acid–Aluminum Composites |
| title_sort | optimization of printing process variables and the effect of post heat treatments on the mechanical properties of extruded polylactic acid aluminum composites |
| topic | additive annealing ductility mechanical properties heat deflection temperature post-heat-treatment behavior |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/24/4698 |
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