Fluoride exposure and pubertal development in children living in Mexico City
Abstract Background Previous animal and ecological studies have provided evidence for an earlier sexual maturation in females in relation to fluoride exposure; however, no epidemiological studies have examined the association between fluoride exposure and pubertal development in both boys and girls...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Environmental Health |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12940-019-0465-7 |
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| author | Yun Liu Martha Téllez-Rojo Howard Hu Brisa N. Sánchez E. Angeles Martinez-Mier Niladri Basu Adriana Mercado-García Maritsa Solano-González Karen E. Peterson |
| author_facet | Yun Liu Martha Téllez-Rojo Howard Hu Brisa N. Sánchez E. Angeles Martinez-Mier Niladri Basu Adriana Mercado-García Maritsa Solano-González Karen E. Peterson |
| author_sort | Yun Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Previous animal and ecological studies have provided evidence for an earlier sexual maturation in females in relation to fluoride exposure; however, no epidemiological studies have examined the association between fluoride exposure and pubertal development in both boys and girls using individual-level biomarkers of fluoride. Capitalizing on an ongoing Mexican birth cohort study, we examined the association between concurrent urinary fluoride levels and physical markers of pubertal development in children. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 157 boys and 176 girls at age 10–17 years living in Mexico City. We used ion-selective electrode-based diffusion methods to assess fluoride levels in urine, adjusting for urinary specific gravity. Pubertal stages were evaluated by a trained physician. Associations of fluoride with pubertal stages and age at menarche were studied using ordinal regression and Cox proportional-hazard regression, respectively. Results In the entire sample, the geometric mean and interquartile range (IQR) of urinary fluoride (specific gravity adjusted) were 0.59 mg/L and 0.31 mg/L, respectively. In boys, our analysis showed that a one-IQR increase in urinary fluoride was associated with later pubic hair growth (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51–0.98, p = 0.03) and genital development (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.95, p = 0.02). No significant associations were found in girls, although the direction was negative. Conclusions Childhood fluoride exposure, at the levels observed in our study, was associated with later pubertal development among Mexican boys at age 10–17 years. Further research is needed to confirm these findings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:53:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c20874d5ef854182b2986699318ef172 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-069X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:53:07Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-c20874d5ef854182b2986699318ef1722022-12-22T01:18:45ZengBMCEnvironmental Health1476-069X2019-03-011811810.1186/s12940-019-0465-7Fluoride exposure and pubertal development in children living in Mexico CityYun Liu0Martha Téllez-Rojo1Howard Hu2Brisa N. Sánchez3E. Angeles Martinez-Mier4Niladri Basu5Adriana Mercado-García6Maritsa Solano-González7Karen E. Peterson8Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public HealthNutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public HealthOccupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public HealthDepartment of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of DentistryFaculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill UniversityNutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public HealthNutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public HealthDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public HealthAbstract Background Previous animal and ecological studies have provided evidence for an earlier sexual maturation in females in relation to fluoride exposure; however, no epidemiological studies have examined the association between fluoride exposure and pubertal development in both boys and girls using individual-level biomarkers of fluoride. Capitalizing on an ongoing Mexican birth cohort study, we examined the association between concurrent urinary fluoride levels and physical markers of pubertal development in children. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 157 boys and 176 girls at age 10–17 years living in Mexico City. We used ion-selective electrode-based diffusion methods to assess fluoride levels in urine, adjusting for urinary specific gravity. Pubertal stages were evaluated by a trained physician. Associations of fluoride with pubertal stages and age at menarche were studied using ordinal regression and Cox proportional-hazard regression, respectively. Results In the entire sample, the geometric mean and interquartile range (IQR) of urinary fluoride (specific gravity adjusted) were 0.59 mg/L and 0.31 mg/L, respectively. In boys, our analysis showed that a one-IQR increase in urinary fluoride was associated with later pubic hair growth (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51–0.98, p = 0.03) and genital development (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.95, p = 0.02). No significant associations were found in girls, although the direction was negative. Conclusions Childhood fluoride exposure, at the levels observed in our study, was associated with later pubertal development among Mexican boys at age 10–17 years. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12940-019-0465-7FluoridePubertyPubic hairGenitaliaMenarche |
| spellingShingle | Yun Liu Martha Téllez-Rojo Howard Hu Brisa N. Sánchez E. Angeles Martinez-Mier Niladri Basu Adriana Mercado-García Maritsa Solano-González Karen E. Peterson Fluoride exposure and pubertal development in children living in Mexico City Environmental Health Fluoride Puberty Pubic hair Genitalia Menarche |
| title | Fluoride exposure and pubertal development in children living in Mexico City |
| title_full | Fluoride exposure and pubertal development in children living in Mexico City |
| title_fullStr | Fluoride exposure and pubertal development in children living in Mexico City |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluoride exposure and pubertal development in children living in Mexico City |
| title_short | Fluoride exposure and pubertal development in children living in Mexico City |
| title_sort | fluoride exposure and pubertal development in children living in mexico city |
| topic | Fluoride Puberty Pubic hair Genitalia Menarche |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12940-019-0465-7 |
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