Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Two different types of adipose depots can be observed in mammals: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). The primary role of WAT is to deposit surplus energy in the form of triglycerides, along with many metabolic and hormonal activities; as thermogenic tissue, BAT has the distin...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/20/12151 |
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| author | Girolamo Di Maio Nicola Alessio Gianfranco Peluso Silverio Perrotta Marcellino Monda Giovanni Di Bernardo |
| author_facet | Girolamo Di Maio Nicola Alessio Gianfranco Peluso Silverio Perrotta Marcellino Monda Giovanni Di Bernardo |
| author_sort | Girolamo Di Maio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two different types of adipose depots can be observed in mammals: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). The primary role of WAT is to deposit surplus energy in the form of triglycerides, along with many metabolic and hormonal activities; as thermogenic tissue, BAT has the distinct characteristic of using energy and glucose consumption as a strategy to maintain the core body temperature. Under specific stimuli—such as exercise, cold exposure, and drug treatment—white adipocytes can utilize their extraordinary flexibility to transdifferentiate into brown-like cells, called beige adipocytes, thereby acquiring new morphological and physiological characteristics. For this reason, the process is identified as the ‘browning of WAT’. We evaluated the ability of some drugs, including GW501516, sildenafil, and rosiglitazone, to induce the browning process of adult white adipocytes obtained from differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In addition, we broadened our investigation by evaluating the potential browning capacity of IRISIN, a myokine that is stimulated by muscular exercises. Our data indicate that IRISIN was effective in promoting the browning of white adipocytes, which acquire increased expression of UCP1, increased mitochondrial mass, and modification in metabolism, as suggested by an increase of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, primarily in presence of glucose as a nutrient. These promising browning agents represent an appealing focus in the therapeutic approaches to counteracting metabolic diseases and their associated obesity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:16:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c209c5c5ce5041f782a3cf93e954a96a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:16:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c209c5c5ce5041f782a3cf93e954a96a2023-11-30T22:46:40ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-10-0123201215110.3390/ijms232012151Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal CellsGirolamo Di Maio0Nicola Alessio1Gianfranco Peluso2Silverio Perrotta3Marcellino Monda4Giovanni Di Bernardo5Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sports Medicine Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, ItalyBiotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, ItalyInstitute Bioscience and BioResources, CNR, 80131 Naples, ItalyDipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, School of Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyHuman Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sports Medicine Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, ItalyBiotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, ItalyTwo different types of adipose depots can be observed in mammals: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). The primary role of WAT is to deposit surplus energy in the form of triglycerides, along with many metabolic and hormonal activities; as thermogenic tissue, BAT has the distinct characteristic of using energy and glucose consumption as a strategy to maintain the core body temperature. Under specific stimuli—such as exercise, cold exposure, and drug treatment—white adipocytes can utilize their extraordinary flexibility to transdifferentiate into brown-like cells, called beige adipocytes, thereby acquiring new morphological and physiological characteristics. For this reason, the process is identified as the ‘browning of WAT’. We evaluated the ability of some drugs, including GW501516, sildenafil, and rosiglitazone, to induce the browning process of adult white adipocytes obtained from differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In addition, we broadened our investigation by evaluating the potential browning capacity of IRISIN, a myokine that is stimulated by muscular exercises. Our data indicate that IRISIN was effective in promoting the browning of white adipocytes, which acquire increased expression of UCP1, increased mitochondrial mass, and modification in metabolism, as suggested by an increase of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, primarily in presence of glucose as a nutrient. These promising browning agents represent an appealing focus in the therapeutic approaches to counteracting metabolic diseases and their associated obesity.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/20/12151mesenchymal stromal cellsadipogenesisBATWATbrowningirisin |
| spellingShingle | Girolamo Di Maio Nicola Alessio Gianfranco Peluso Silverio Perrotta Marcellino Monda Giovanni Di Bernardo Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells International Journal of Molecular Sciences mesenchymal stromal cells adipogenesis BAT WAT browning irisin |
| title | Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells |
| title_full | Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells |
| title_fullStr | Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells |
| title_short | Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells |
| title_sort | molecular and physiological effects of browning agents on white adipocytes from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells |
| topic | mesenchymal stromal cells adipogenesis BAT WAT browning irisin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/20/12151 |
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