Predicting copper-, iron- and zinc-binding proteins in pathogenic species of the Paracoccidioides genus
Approximately one-third of all proteins have been estimated to contain at least one metal cofactor, and these proteins are referred to as metalloproteins. These represent one of the most diverse classes of proteins, containing metal ions that bind to specific sites to perform catalytic, regulatory a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00761/full |
| _version_ | 1818382474016718848 |
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| author | Gabriel B Tristao Leandro Prado Assunção Luiz Paulo Araujo Santos CLAYTON LUIZ BORGES Mirelle Garcia Silva-Bailao Célia Maria de Almeida Soares Gabriele eCavallaro Alexandre Melo BAILAO |
| author_facet | Gabriel B Tristao Leandro Prado Assunção Luiz Paulo Araujo Santos CLAYTON LUIZ BORGES Mirelle Garcia Silva-Bailao Célia Maria de Almeida Soares Gabriele eCavallaro Alexandre Melo BAILAO |
| author_sort | Gabriel B Tristao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Approximately one-third of all proteins have been estimated to contain at least one metal cofactor, and these proteins are referred to as metalloproteins. These represent one of the most diverse classes of proteins, containing metal ions that bind to specific sites to perform catalytic, regulatory and structural functions. Bioinformatic tools have been developed to predict metalloproteins encoded by an organism based only on its genome sequence. Its function and the type of metal binder can also be predicted via a bioinformatics approach. Paracoccidioides complex includes termodimorphic pathogenic fungi that are found as saprobic mycelia in the environment and as yeast, the parasitic form, in host tissues. They are the etiologic agents of Paracoccidioidomycosis, a prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. Many metalloproteins are important for the virulence of several pathogenic microorganisms. Accordingly, the present work aimed to predict the cooper, iron and zinc proteins encoded by the genomes of three phylogenetic species of Paracoccidioides (Pb01, Pb03 and Pb18). The metalloproteins were identified using bioinformatics approaches based on structure, annotation and domains. Cu-, Fe- and Zn-binding proteins represent 7% of the total proteins encoded by Paracoccidioides spp. genomes. Zinc proteins were the most abundant metalloproteins, representing 5.7% of the fungus proteome, whereas copper and iron proteins represent 0.3% and 1.2%, respectively. Functional classification revealed that metalloproteins are related to many cellular processes. Furthermore, it was observed that many of these metalloproteins serve as virulence factors in the biology of the fungus. Thus, it is concluded that the Cu, Fe and Zn metalloproteomes of the Paracoccidioides spp. are of the utmost importance for the biology and virulence of these particular human pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T02:51:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c20e414b52ff4ac4b40c661a4d3cf4c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T02:51:02Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c20e414b52ff4ac4b40c661a4d3cf4c12022-12-21T23:19:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2015-01-01510.3389/fmicb.2014.00761121581Predicting copper-, iron- and zinc-binding proteins in pathogenic species of the Paracoccidioides genusGabriel B Tristao0Leandro Prado Assunção1Luiz Paulo Araujo Santos2CLAYTON LUIZ BORGES3Mirelle Garcia Silva-Bailao4Célia Maria de Almeida Soares5Gabriele eCavallaro6Alexandre Melo BAILAO7Federal University of GoiasFederal University of GoiasFederal University of GoiasFederal University of GoiasFederal University of GoiasFederal University of GoiasUniversity of FlorenceFederal University of GoiasApproximately one-third of all proteins have been estimated to contain at least one metal cofactor, and these proteins are referred to as metalloproteins. These represent one of the most diverse classes of proteins, containing metal ions that bind to specific sites to perform catalytic, regulatory and structural functions. Bioinformatic tools have been developed to predict metalloproteins encoded by an organism based only on its genome sequence. Its function and the type of metal binder can also be predicted via a bioinformatics approach. Paracoccidioides complex includes termodimorphic pathogenic fungi that are found as saprobic mycelia in the environment and as yeast, the parasitic form, in host tissues. They are the etiologic agents of Paracoccidioidomycosis, a prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. Many metalloproteins are important for the virulence of several pathogenic microorganisms. Accordingly, the present work aimed to predict the cooper, iron and zinc proteins encoded by the genomes of three phylogenetic species of Paracoccidioides (Pb01, Pb03 and Pb18). The metalloproteins were identified using bioinformatics approaches based on structure, annotation and domains. Cu-, Fe- and Zn-binding proteins represent 7% of the total proteins encoded by Paracoccidioides spp. genomes. Zinc proteins were the most abundant metalloproteins, representing 5.7% of the fungus proteome, whereas copper and iron proteins represent 0.3% and 1.2%, respectively. Functional classification revealed that metalloproteins are related to many cellular processes. Furthermore, it was observed that many of these metalloproteins serve as virulence factors in the biology of the fungus. Thus, it is concluded that the Cu, Fe and Zn metalloproteomes of the Paracoccidioides spp. are of the utmost importance for the biology and virulence of these particular human pathogens.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00761/fullParacoccidioidomycosisVirulencebioinformaticsmetal homeostasismetalloproteome |
| spellingShingle | Gabriel B Tristao Leandro Prado Assunção Luiz Paulo Araujo Santos CLAYTON LUIZ BORGES Mirelle Garcia Silva-Bailao Célia Maria de Almeida Soares Gabriele eCavallaro Alexandre Melo BAILAO Predicting copper-, iron- and zinc-binding proteins in pathogenic species of the Paracoccidioides genus Frontiers in Microbiology Paracoccidioidomycosis Virulence bioinformatics metal homeostasis metalloproteome |
| title | Predicting copper-, iron- and zinc-binding proteins in pathogenic species of the Paracoccidioides genus |
| title_full | Predicting copper-, iron- and zinc-binding proteins in pathogenic species of the Paracoccidioides genus |
| title_fullStr | Predicting copper-, iron- and zinc-binding proteins in pathogenic species of the Paracoccidioides genus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Predicting copper-, iron- and zinc-binding proteins in pathogenic species of the Paracoccidioides genus |
| title_short | Predicting copper-, iron- and zinc-binding proteins in pathogenic species of the Paracoccidioides genus |
| title_sort | predicting copper iron and zinc binding proteins in pathogenic species of the paracoccidioides genus |
| topic | Paracoccidioidomycosis Virulence bioinformatics metal homeostasis metalloproteome |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00761/full |
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