Clinical Prognostic Value of the PLOD Gene Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Accumulating evidence has implicated members of the procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) gene family, PLOD1, PLOD2, and PLOD3, in cancer progression and metastasis. However, their expression, prognostic value, and mechanisms underlying their roles in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) hav...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.770729/full |
| _version_ | 1818329506745679872 |
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| author | Yiming Meng Jing Sun Guirong Zhang Tao Yu Haozhe Piao Haozhe Piao |
| author_facet | Yiming Meng Jing Sun Guirong Zhang Tao Yu Haozhe Piao Haozhe Piao |
| author_sort | Yiming Meng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Accumulating evidence has implicated members of the procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) gene family, PLOD1, PLOD2, and PLOD3, in cancer progression and metastasis. However, their expression, prognostic value, and mechanisms underlying their roles in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not yet been reported. We downloaded PLOD data for LUAD and normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). PLOD1-3 protein expression was evaluated using the Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium and Human Protein Atlas. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed using STRING software. The “ClusterProfiler” package was used for functional-enrichment analysis. The relationship between PLOD mRNA expression and immune infiltration was analyzed using the Tumor Immunity Assessment Resource and Tumor Immune System Interaction Database. The expression of PLODs in LUAD tissues was significantly upregulated compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. PLOD mRNA overexpression is associated with lymph node metastasis and high TNM staging. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that when the cut-off level was 6.073, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PLOD1 in distinguishing LUAD from adjacent controls were 84.4, 79.7, and 82.6%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PLOD2 in distinguishing LUAD from adjacent controls were 81.0, 98.3, and 68.0%, respectively, at a cut-off value of 4.360. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PLOD3 in distinguishing LUAD from adjacent controls were 69.0, 86.4, and 52.0%, respectively, with a cut-off value of 5.499. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that LUAD patients with high PLODs had a worse prognosis than those with low PLODs. Correlation analysis showed that PLOD mRNA expression was related to immune infiltration and tumor purity. Upregulation of PLOD expression was significantly associated with poor survival and immune cell infiltration in LUAD. Our research shows that PLOD family members have potential as novel biomarkers for poor prognosis and as potential immunotherapy targets for LUAD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:49:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c212843dace743a396aa07961b97113f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-889X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:49:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c212843dace743a396aa07961b97113f2022-12-21T23:45:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2022-02-01810.3389/fmolb.2021.770729770729Clinical Prognostic Value of the PLOD Gene Family in Lung AdenocarcinomaYiming Meng0Jing Sun1Guirong Zhang2Tao Yu3Haozhe Piao4Haozhe Piao5Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Biobank, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Medical Imaging, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, ChinaAccumulating evidence has implicated members of the procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) gene family, PLOD1, PLOD2, and PLOD3, in cancer progression and metastasis. However, their expression, prognostic value, and mechanisms underlying their roles in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not yet been reported. We downloaded PLOD data for LUAD and normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). PLOD1-3 protein expression was evaluated using the Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium and Human Protein Atlas. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed using STRING software. The “ClusterProfiler” package was used for functional-enrichment analysis. The relationship between PLOD mRNA expression and immune infiltration was analyzed using the Tumor Immunity Assessment Resource and Tumor Immune System Interaction Database. The expression of PLODs in LUAD tissues was significantly upregulated compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. PLOD mRNA overexpression is associated with lymph node metastasis and high TNM staging. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that when the cut-off level was 6.073, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PLOD1 in distinguishing LUAD from adjacent controls were 84.4, 79.7, and 82.6%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PLOD2 in distinguishing LUAD from adjacent controls were 81.0, 98.3, and 68.0%, respectively, at a cut-off value of 4.360. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PLOD3 in distinguishing LUAD from adjacent controls were 69.0, 86.4, and 52.0%, respectively, with a cut-off value of 5.499. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that LUAD patients with high PLODs had a worse prognosis than those with low PLODs. Correlation analysis showed that PLOD mRNA expression was related to immune infiltration and tumor purity. Upregulation of PLOD expression was significantly associated with poor survival and immune cell infiltration in LUAD. Our research shows that PLOD family members have potential as novel biomarkers for poor prognosis and as potential immunotherapy targets for LUAD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.770729/fullPLOD family memberLUADdiagnosisprognosisimmune infiltration |
| spellingShingle | Yiming Meng Jing Sun Guirong Zhang Tao Yu Haozhe Piao Haozhe Piao Clinical Prognostic Value of the PLOD Gene Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences PLOD family member LUAD diagnosis prognosis immune infiltration |
| title | Clinical Prognostic Value of the PLOD Gene Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma |
| title_full | Clinical Prognostic Value of the PLOD Gene Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma |
| title_fullStr | Clinical Prognostic Value of the PLOD Gene Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Prognostic Value of the PLOD Gene Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma |
| title_short | Clinical Prognostic Value of the PLOD Gene Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma |
| title_sort | clinical prognostic value of the plod gene family in lung adenocarcinoma |
| topic | PLOD family member LUAD diagnosis prognosis immune infiltration |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.770729/full |
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