Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia
The emergence and rapid proliferation of Coronavirus Disease-2019, throughout the past year, has put an unprecedented strain on the global schema of health infrastructure and health economy. The time-sensitive agenda of identifying the virus in humans and delivering a vaccine to the public constitut...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/7/1270 |
| _version_ | 1797527329624293376 |
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| author | Melissa R. Gitman Maryia V. Shaban Alberto E. Paniz-Mondolfi Emilia M. Sordillo |
| author_facet | Melissa R. Gitman Maryia V. Shaban Alberto E. Paniz-Mondolfi Emilia M. Sordillo |
| author_sort | Melissa R. Gitman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The emergence and rapid proliferation of Coronavirus Disease-2019, throughout the past year, has put an unprecedented strain on the global schema of health infrastructure and health economy. The time-sensitive agenda of identifying the virus in humans and delivering a vaccine to the public constituted an effort to flatten the statistical curve of viral spread as it grew exponentially. At the forefront of this effort was an exigency of developing rapid and accurate diagnostic strategies. These have emerged in various forms over the past year—each with strengths and weaknesses. To date, they fall into three categories: (1) those isolating and replicating viral RNA in patient samples from the respiratory tract (Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests; NAATs), (2) those detecting the presence of viral proteins (Rapid Antigen Tests; RATs) and serology-based exams identifying antibodies to the virus in whole blood and serum. The latter vary in their detection of immunoglobulins of known prevalence in early-stage and late-stage infection. With this review, we delineate the categories of testing measures developed to date, analyze the efficacy of collecting patient specimens from diverse regions of the respiratory tract, and present the up and coming technologies which have made pathogen identification easier and more accessible to the public. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:42:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c224423b61f34a0eadfa80edfe7fa804 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:42:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c224423b61f34a0eadfa80edfe7fa8042023-11-22T03:35:21ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182021-07-01117127010.3390/diagnostics11071270Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 PneumoniaMelissa R. Gitman0Maryia V. Shaban1Alberto E. Paniz-Mondolfi2Emilia M. Sordillo3Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USAEmerging Pathogens and Zoonoses Network, Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare 3023, VenezuelaDepartment of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USADepartment of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USAThe emergence and rapid proliferation of Coronavirus Disease-2019, throughout the past year, has put an unprecedented strain on the global schema of health infrastructure and health economy. The time-sensitive agenda of identifying the virus in humans and delivering a vaccine to the public constituted an effort to flatten the statistical curve of viral spread as it grew exponentially. At the forefront of this effort was an exigency of developing rapid and accurate diagnostic strategies. These have emerged in various forms over the past year—each with strengths and weaknesses. To date, they fall into three categories: (1) those isolating and replicating viral RNA in patient samples from the respiratory tract (Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests; NAATs), (2) those detecting the presence of viral proteins (Rapid Antigen Tests; RATs) and serology-based exams identifying antibodies to the virus in whole blood and serum. The latter vary in their detection of immunoglobulins of known prevalence in early-stage and late-stage infection. With this review, we delineate the categories of testing measures developed to date, analyze the efficacy of collecting patient specimens from diverse regions of the respiratory tract, and present the up and coming technologies which have made pathogen identification easier and more accessible to the public.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/7/1270COVID-19NAATRT-PCRCt valueRT-LAMPrapid antigen test |
| spellingShingle | Melissa R. Gitman Maryia V. Shaban Alberto E. Paniz-Mondolfi Emilia M. Sordillo Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia Diagnostics COVID-19 NAAT RT-PCR Ct value RT-LAMP rapid antigen test |
| title | Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia |
| title_full | Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia |
| title_fullStr | Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia |
| title_short | Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia |
| title_sort | laboratory diagnosis of sars cov 2 pneumonia |
| topic | COVID-19 NAAT RT-PCR Ct value RT-LAMP rapid antigen test |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/7/1270 |
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