Entrapment of Hydrophobic Biocides into Cellulose Acetate Nanoparticles by Nanoprecipitation
This contribution reports an efficient method for the production and use of biocide-loaded cellulose acetate nanoparticles. As well-known model biocides 4-Hexylresorcinol and Triclosan were used for in situ nanoparticle loading during a nanoprecipitation process. We show that the nanoparticle size c...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/12/2447 |
| _version_ | 1827700642192293888 |
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| author | Cynthia Cordt Tobias Meckel Andreas Geissler Markus Biesalski |
| author_facet | Cynthia Cordt Tobias Meckel Andreas Geissler Markus Biesalski |
| author_sort | Cynthia Cordt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This contribution reports an efficient method for the production and use of biocide-loaded cellulose acetate nanoparticles. As well-known model biocides 4-Hexylresorcinol and Triclosan were used for in situ nanoparticle loading during a nanoprecipitation process. We show that the nanoparticle size can be well-controlled by variation of the cellulose acetate concentration during nanoprecipitation. Apart from strong evidence suggesting cellulose acetate particle formation according to a nucleation-aggregation mechanism, we further show that the biocide loading of the particles occurs by a diffusion process and not via co-precipitation. The quantity of particle loading was analyzed by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectroscopy of re-dissolved nanoparticles, and it was observed that a decisive factor for high packaging efficiency is the use of a biocide with low water solubility and high hydrophobicity. SEM studies showed no influence on the particle morphology or size by both biocides 4-Hexylresorcinol and Triclosan. Finally, an aqueous nanoparticle dispersion can be coated onto model paper sheets to yield pronounced antimicrobial surface-properties. Nanoparticles loaded with the biocide Triclosan showed a high antimicrobial activity against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, a cellulase producing bacteria, if applied to model paper substrates, even at extremely low coating weights of 1–5 g/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Additional long-term efficacy renders these nanoparticles ideal for various applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:16:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c2247bb0e352459b9cd6ab33e7e434de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:16:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c2247bb0e352459b9cd6ab33e7e434de2023-11-20T23:46:11ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-12-011012244710.3390/nano10122447Entrapment of Hydrophobic Biocides into Cellulose Acetate Nanoparticles by NanoprecipitationCynthia Cordt0Tobias Meckel1Andreas Geissler2Markus Biesalski3Macromolecular and Paper Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyMacromolecular and Paper Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyMacromolecular and Paper Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyMacromolecular and Paper Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyThis contribution reports an efficient method for the production and use of biocide-loaded cellulose acetate nanoparticles. As well-known model biocides 4-Hexylresorcinol and Triclosan were used for in situ nanoparticle loading during a nanoprecipitation process. We show that the nanoparticle size can be well-controlled by variation of the cellulose acetate concentration during nanoprecipitation. Apart from strong evidence suggesting cellulose acetate particle formation according to a nucleation-aggregation mechanism, we further show that the biocide loading of the particles occurs by a diffusion process and not via co-precipitation. The quantity of particle loading was analyzed by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectroscopy of re-dissolved nanoparticles, and it was observed that a decisive factor for high packaging efficiency is the use of a biocide with low water solubility and high hydrophobicity. SEM studies showed no influence on the particle morphology or size by both biocides 4-Hexylresorcinol and Triclosan. Finally, an aqueous nanoparticle dispersion can be coated onto model paper sheets to yield pronounced antimicrobial surface-properties. Nanoparticles loaded with the biocide Triclosan showed a high antimicrobial activity against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, a cellulase producing bacteria, if applied to model paper substrates, even at extremely low coating weights of 1–5 g/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Additional long-term efficacy renders these nanoparticles ideal for various applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/12/2447nanoparticlesnanoprecipitationentrapmentcellulose acetatecellulose estersolvent replacement |
| spellingShingle | Cynthia Cordt Tobias Meckel Andreas Geissler Markus Biesalski Entrapment of Hydrophobic Biocides into Cellulose Acetate Nanoparticles by Nanoprecipitation Nanomaterials nanoparticles nanoprecipitation entrapment cellulose acetate cellulose ester solvent replacement |
| title | Entrapment of Hydrophobic Biocides into Cellulose Acetate Nanoparticles by Nanoprecipitation |
| title_full | Entrapment of Hydrophobic Biocides into Cellulose Acetate Nanoparticles by Nanoprecipitation |
| title_fullStr | Entrapment of Hydrophobic Biocides into Cellulose Acetate Nanoparticles by Nanoprecipitation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Entrapment of Hydrophobic Biocides into Cellulose Acetate Nanoparticles by Nanoprecipitation |
| title_short | Entrapment of Hydrophobic Biocides into Cellulose Acetate Nanoparticles by Nanoprecipitation |
| title_sort | entrapment of hydrophobic biocides into cellulose acetate nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation |
| topic | nanoparticles nanoprecipitation entrapment cellulose acetate cellulose ester solvent replacement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/12/2447 |
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