Microstructures and Corrosion Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Copper–Nickel Alloys
The 70/30 copper–nickel alloy is used mainly in critical parts with more demanding conditions in marine settings. There is a need for innovative methods that offer fast production and cost-effectiveness in order to supplement current copper–nickel alloy manufacturing processes. In this study, we emp...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/4/876 |
| _version_ | 1797297608113258496 |
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| author | Jie Song Xavier A. Jimenez Albert C. To Yao Fu |
| author_facet | Jie Song Xavier A. Jimenez Albert C. To Yao Fu |
| author_sort | Jie Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The 70/30 copper–nickel alloy is used mainly in critical parts with more demanding conditions in marine settings. There is a need for innovative methods that offer fast production and cost-effectiveness in order to supplement current copper–nickel alloy manufacturing processes. In this study, we employ wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) to fabricate the 70/30 copper–nickel alloy. The as-built microstructure is characterized by columnar grains with prominent dendrites and chemical segregation in the inter-dendritic area. The aspect ratio of the columnar grain increases with increasing travel speed (TS) at the same wire feed speed (WFS). This is in contrast with the equiaxed grain structure, with a more random orientation, of the conventional sample. The sample built with a WFS of 8 m/min, TS of 1000 mm/min, and a track distance of 3.85 mm exhibits superior corrosion properties in the 3.5 wt% NaCl solution when compared with the conventional sample, as evidenced by a higher film resistance and breakdown potential, along with a lower passive current density of the WAAM sample. The corrosion morphology reveals the critical roles played by the nickel element that is unevenly distributed between the dendrite core and inter-dendritic area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:23:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c228e836c50642a593a20a49622cc6d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:23:09Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c228e836c50642a593a20a49622cc6d82024-02-23T15:25:38ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442024-02-0117487610.3390/ma17040876Microstructures and Corrosion Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Copper–Nickel AlloysJie Song0Xavier A. Jimenez1Albert C. To2Yao Fu3Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USADepartment of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USAThe 70/30 copper–nickel alloy is used mainly in critical parts with more demanding conditions in marine settings. There is a need for innovative methods that offer fast production and cost-effectiveness in order to supplement current copper–nickel alloy manufacturing processes. In this study, we employ wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) to fabricate the 70/30 copper–nickel alloy. The as-built microstructure is characterized by columnar grains with prominent dendrites and chemical segregation in the inter-dendritic area. The aspect ratio of the columnar grain increases with increasing travel speed (TS) at the same wire feed speed (WFS). This is in contrast with the equiaxed grain structure, with a more random orientation, of the conventional sample. The sample built with a WFS of 8 m/min, TS of 1000 mm/min, and a track distance of 3.85 mm exhibits superior corrosion properties in the 3.5 wt% NaCl solution when compared with the conventional sample, as evidenced by a higher film resistance and breakdown potential, along with a lower passive current density of the WAAM sample. The corrosion morphology reveals the critical roles played by the nickel element that is unevenly distributed between the dendrite core and inter-dendritic area.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/4/87670/30 copper–nickelwire arc additive manufacturingdendritic featurechemical segregationcorrosion propertiessodium chloride solution |
| spellingShingle | Jie Song Xavier A. Jimenez Albert C. To Yao Fu Microstructures and Corrosion Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Copper–Nickel Alloys Materials 70/30 copper–nickel wire arc additive manufacturing dendritic feature chemical segregation corrosion properties sodium chloride solution |
| title | Microstructures and Corrosion Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Copper–Nickel Alloys |
| title_full | Microstructures and Corrosion Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Copper–Nickel Alloys |
| title_fullStr | Microstructures and Corrosion Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Copper–Nickel Alloys |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructures and Corrosion Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Copper–Nickel Alloys |
| title_short | Microstructures and Corrosion Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Copper–Nickel Alloys |
| title_sort | microstructures and corrosion properties of wire arc additive manufactured copper nickel alloys |
| topic | 70/30 copper–nickel wire arc additive manufacturing dendritic feature chemical segregation corrosion properties sodium chloride solution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/4/876 |
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