Metal bioaccessibility in synthetic body fluids – A way to consider positive and negative alloying effects in hazard assessments
Hazard classification of metal alloys is today generally based on their bulk content, an approach that seldom reflects the extent of metal release for a given environment. Such information can instead be achieved via bioelution testing under simulated physiological conditions. The use of bioelution...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127520309291 |
| _version_ | 1818723892409139200 |
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| author | Xuying Wang James J. Noël Inger Odnevall Wallinder Yolanda S. Hedberg |
| author_facet | Xuying Wang James J. Noël Inger Odnevall Wallinder Yolanda S. Hedberg |
| author_sort | Xuying Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hazard classification of metal alloys is today generally based on their bulk content, an approach that seldom reflects the extent of metal release for a given environment. Such information can instead be achieved via bioelution testing under simulated physiological conditions. The use of bioelution data instead of bulk contents would hence refine the current hazard classification of alloys and enable grouping. Bioelution data have been generated for nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) released from several stainless steel grades, one low-alloyed steel, and Ni and Co metals in synthetic sweat, saliva and gastric fluid, for exposure periods from 2 to 168 h. All stainless steel grades with bulk contents of 0.11–10 wt% Ni and 0.019–0.24 wt% Co released lower amounts of Ni (up to 400-fold) and Co (up to 300-fold) than did the low-alloyed steel (bulk content: 0.034% Ni, 0.015% Co). They further showed a relative bioaccessibility of Ni and Co considerably less than 1, while the opposite was the case for the low-alloyed steel. Surface oxide- and electrochemical corrosion investigations explained these findings in terms of the high passivity of the stainless steels related to the Cr(III)-rich surface oxide that readily adapted to the fluid acidity and chemistry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:17:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c22dea893ed642c7884df03cbeb02e9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:17:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-c22dea893ed642c7884df03cbeb02e9a2022-12-21T21:32:18ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752021-01-01198109393Metal bioaccessibility in synthetic body fluids – A way to consider positive and negative alloying effects in hazard assessmentsXuying Wang0James J. Noël1Inger Odnevall Wallinder2Yolanda S. Hedberg3KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas v. 51, SE-10044 Stockholm, SwedenDept. of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Surface Science Western, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaKTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas v. 51, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden; AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenKTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas v. 51, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden; Dept. of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Surface Science Western, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Corresponding author at: The University of Western Ontario, Dept. of Chemistry, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada.Hazard classification of metal alloys is today generally based on their bulk content, an approach that seldom reflects the extent of metal release for a given environment. Such information can instead be achieved via bioelution testing under simulated physiological conditions. The use of bioelution data instead of bulk contents would hence refine the current hazard classification of alloys and enable grouping. Bioelution data have been generated for nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) released from several stainless steel grades, one low-alloyed steel, and Ni and Co metals in synthetic sweat, saliva and gastric fluid, for exposure periods from 2 to 168 h. All stainless steel grades with bulk contents of 0.11–10 wt% Ni and 0.019–0.24 wt% Co released lower amounts of Ni (up to 400-fold) and Co (up to 300-fold) than did the low-alloyed steel (bulk content: 0.034% Ni, 0.015% Co). They further showed a relative bioaccessibility of Ni and Co considerably less than 1, while the opposite was the case for the low-alloyed steel. Surface oxide- and electrochemical corrosion investigations explained these findings in terms of the high passivity of the stainless steels related to the Cr(III)-rich surface oxide that readily adapted to the fluid acidity and chemistry.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127520309291Metal releaseStainless steelSynthetic body fluidsCorrosionSurface oxideHazard classification |
| spellingShingle | Xuying Wang James J. Noël Inger Odnevall Wallinder Yolanda S. Hedberg Metal bioaccessibility in synthetic body fluids – A way to consider positive and negative alloying effects in hazard assessments Materials & Design Metal release Stainless steel Synthetic body fluids Corrosion Surface oxide Hazard classification |
| title | Metal bioaccessibility in synthetic body fluids – A way to consider positive and negative alloying effects in hazard assessments |
| title_full | Metal bioaccessibility in synthetic body fluids – A way to consider positive and negative alloying effects in hazard assessments |
| title_fullStr | Metal bioaccessibility in synthetic body fluids – A way to consider positive and negative alloying effects in hazard assessments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metal bioaccessibility in synthetic body fluids – A way to consider positive and negative alloying effects in hazard assessments |
| title_short | Metal bioaccessibility in synthetic body fluids – A way to consider positive and negative alloying effects in hazard assessments |
| title_sort | metal bioaccessibility in synthetic body fluids a way to consider positive and negative alloying effects in hazard assessments |
| topic | Metal release Stainless steel Synthetic body fluids Corrosion Surface oxide Hazard classification |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127520309291 |
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