Evidence for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Infections in Wild and Resident Birds in Germany, 2017 and 2018
Wild birds play an important role as reservoir hosts and vectors for zoonotic arboviruses and foster their spread. Usutu virus (USUV) has been circulating endemically in Germany since 2011, while West Nile virus (WNV) was first diagnosed in several bird species and horses in 2018. In 2017 and 2018,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/7/674 |
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| author | Friederike Michel Michael Sieg Dominik Fischer Markus Keller Martin Eiden Maximilian Reuschel Volker Schmidt Rebekka Schwehn Monika Rinder Sylvia Urbaniak Kerstin Müller Martina Schmoock Renke Lühken Patrick Wysocki Christine Fast Michael Lierz Rüdiger Korbel Thomas W. Vahlenkamp Martin H. Groschup Ute Ziegler |
| author_facet | Friederike Michel Michael Sieg Dominik Fischer Markus Keller Martin Eiden Maximilian Reuschel Volker Schmidt Rebekka Schwehn Monika Rinder Sylvia Urbaniak Kerstin Müller Martina Schmoock Renke Lühken Patrick Wysocki Christine Fast Michael Lierz Rüdiger Korbel Thomas W. Vahlenkamp Martin H. Groschup Ute Ziegler |
| author_sort | Friederike Michel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wild birds play an important role as reservoir hosts and vectors for zoonotic arboviruses and foster their spread. Usutu virus (USUV) has been circulating endemically in Germany since 2011, while West Nile virus (WNV) was first diagnosed in several bird species and horses in 2018. In 2017 and 2018, we screened 1709 live wild and zoo birds with real-time polymerase chain reaction and serological assays. Moreover, organ samples from bird carcasses submitted in 2017 were investigated. Overall, 57 blood samples of the live birds (2017 and 2018), and 100 organ samples of dead birds (2017) were positive for USUV-RNA, while no WNV-RNA-positive sample was found. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the first detection of USUV lineage Europe 2 in Germany and the spread of USUV lineages Europe 3 and Africa 3 towards Northern Germany. USUV antibody prevalence rates were high in Eastern Germany in both years. On the contrary, in Northern Germany, high seroprevalence rates were first detected in 2018, with the first emergence of USUV in this region. Interestingly, high WNV-specific neutralizing antibody titers were observed in resident and short-distance migratory birds in Eastern Germany in 2018, indicating the first signs of a local WNV circulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:50:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c232f34232c54e17aa3fe1196fa8b7eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:50:07Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-c232f34232c54e17aa3fe1196fa8b7eb2022-12-22T01:42:50ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-07-0111767410.3390/v11070674v11070674Evidence for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Infections in Wild and Resident Birds in Germany, 2017 and 2018Friederike Michel0Michael Sieg1Dominik Fischer2Markus Keller3Martin Eiden4Maximilian Reuschel5Volker Schmidt6Rebekka Schwehn7Monika Rinder8Sylvia Urbaniak9Kerstin Müller10Martina Schmoock11Renke Lühken12Patrick Wysocki13Christine Fast14Michael Lierz15Rüdiger Korbel16Thomas W. Vahlenkamp17Martin H. Groschup18Ute Ziegler19Friedrich-Loeffler Insitut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyInstitute of Virology (Faculty of veterinary medicine), Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyClinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Straße 91, D-35392 Giessen, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler Insitut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler Insitut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyClinic for Small Mammals, Reptiles and Birds, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, GermanyClinic for Birds and Reptiles (Faculty of veterinary medicine), Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 17, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyClinic for Small Mammals, Reptiles and Birds, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, GermanyClinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Sonnenstraße 18, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, GermanyBirds of Prey Rehab Center Rhineland (Greifvogelhilfe Rheinland)/Tierarztpraxis Sudhoff, Hehnerholt 105, D-41069 Mönchengladbach, GermanyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Clinic, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19 b, D-14163 Berlin, GermanyWildpark Schwarze Berge GmbH & Co. KG, Am Wildpark 1, D-21224 Rosengarten, GermanyBernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhardt-Nocht Straße 74, D-20359 Hamburg, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler Insitut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyClinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Straße 91, D-35392 Giessen, GermanyClinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Sonnenstraße 18, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, GermanyInstitute of Virology (Faculty of veterinary medicine), Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler Insitut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler Insitut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyWild birds play an important role as reservoir hosts and vectors for zoonotic arboviruses and foster their spread. Usutu virus (USUV) has been circulating endemically in Germany since 2011, while West Nile virus (WNV) was first diagnosed in several bird species and horses in 2018. In 2017 and 2018, we screened 1709 live wild and zoo birds with real-time polymerase chain reaction and serological assays. Moreover, organ samples from bird carcasses submitted in 2017 were investigated. Overall, 57 blood samples of the live birds (2017 and 2018), and 100 organ samples of dead birds (2017) were positive for USUV-RNA, while no WNV-RNA-positive sample was found. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the first detection of USUV lineage Europe 2 in Germany and the spread of USUV lineages Europe 3 and Africa 3 towards Northern Germany. USUV antibody prevalence rates were high in Eastern Germany in both years. On the contrary, in Northern Germany, high seroprevalence rates were first detected in 2018, with the first emergence of USUV in this region. Interestingly, high WNV-specific neutralizing antibody titers were observed in resident and short-distance migratory birds in Eastern Germany in 2018, indicating the first signs of a local WNV circulation.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/7/674wild birdWest Nile virusUsutu virusGermanymonitoring |
| spellingShingle | Friederike Michel Michael Sieg Dominik Fischer Markus Keller Martin Eiden Maximilian Reuschel Volker Schmidt Rebekka Schwehn Monika Rinder Sylvia Urbaniak Kerstin Müller Martina Schmoock Renke Lühken Patrick Wysocki Christine Fast Michael Lierz Rüdiger Korbel Thomas W. Vahlenkamp Martin H. Groschup Ute Ziegler Evidence for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Infections in Wild and Resident Birds in Germany, 2017 and 2018 Viruses wild bird West Nile virus Usutu virus Germany monitoring |
| title | Evidence for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Infections in Wild and Resident Birds in Germany, 2017 and 2018 |
| title_full | Evidence for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Infections in Wild and Resident Birds in Germany, 2017 and 2018 |
| title_fullStr | Evidence for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Infections in Wild and Resident Birds in Germany, 2017 and 2018 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evidence for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Infections in Wild and Resident Birds in Germany, 2017 and 2018 |
| title_short | Evidence for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Infections in Wild and Resident Birds in Germany, 2017 and 2018 |
| title_sort | evidence for west nile virus and usutu virus infections in wild and resident birds in germany 2017 and 2018 |
| topic | wild bird West Nile virus Usutu virus Germany monitoring |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/7/674 |
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