Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Clinical Findings in Pachychoroid-Spectrum Diseases
We wish to demonstrate that theorems of fluid dynamics may be employed to hydrodynamically analyze the clinical presentations seen within the pachychoroid-spectrum diseases (PSD). <b>Methods:</b> We employed both the Equation of Continuity Q = A · V in which Q represents blood flow volum...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/17/5247 |
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| author | Okihiro Nishi Tsutomu Yasukawa |
| author_facet | Okihiro Nishi Tsutomu Yasukawa |
| author_sort | Okihiro Nishi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We wish to demonstrate that theorems of fluid dynamics may be employed to hydrodynamically analyze the clinical presentations seen within the pachychoroid-spectrum diseases (PSD). <b>Methods:</b> We employed both the Equation of Continuity Q = A · V in which Q represents blood flow volume, A the sectional area of a vessel, and V blood flow velocity as well as Bernoulli’s Principle 1/2 V<sup>2</sup> + P/ρ = constant where V represents blood flow velocity, P static blood pressure and ρ blood density. The Equation of Continuity states that a decrease in flow volume occurs simultaneously with a decrease in the flow velocity and/or sectional area, and vice versa. Bernoulli’s Principle states that a decrease in the velocity of a fluid occurs simultaneously with an increase in static pressure, and vice versa. <b>Results:</b> Hyperpermeability of the choriocapillaris, as visualized on fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), causes a fluid exudation and, therefore, a decrease in the blood flow volume Q which elicits a simultaneous decrease in the blood flow velocity V clinically observable in filling delay into the choriocapillaris on ICGA. An increase in the static blood pressure P will simultaneously occur in venules in accord with Bernoulli’s Principle. <b>Conclusions:</b> A decrease in the blood flow velocity in the choriocapillaris due to its hyperpermeability will hydrodynamically elicit an increase in the blood pressure in venules. This blood pressure rise may expand Sattler and Haller veins, forming pachyveins. The primary lesion of PSD can be in pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:37:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c23877d9b5114c929ca93c27c15ea092 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:37:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-c23877d9b5114c929ca93c27c15ea0922023-11-23T13:30:14ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-09-011117524710.3390/jcm11175247Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Clinical Findings in Pachychoroid-Spectrum DiseasesOkihiro Nishi0Tsutomu Yasukawa1Jinshikai Medical Foundation, Nishi Eye Hospital, 4-14-26 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, JapanDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 464-0083, JapanWe wish to demonstrate that theorems of fluid dynamics may be employed to hydrodynamically analyze the clinical presentations seen within the pachychoroid-spectrum diseases (PSD). <b>Methods:</b> We employed both the Equation of Continuity Q = A · V in which Q represents blood flow volume, A the sectional area of a vessel, and V blood flow velocity as well as Bernoulli’s Principle 1/2 V<sup>2</sup> + P/ρ = constant where V represents blood flow velocity, P static blood pressure and ρ blood density. The Equation of Continuity states that a decrease in flow volume occurs simultaneously with a decrease in the flow velocity and/or sectional area, and vice versa. Bernoulli’s Principle states that a decrease in the velocity of a fluid occurs simultaneously with an increase in static pressure, and vice versa. <b>Results:</b> Hyperpermeability of the choriocapillaris, as visualized on fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), causes a fluid exudation and, therefore, a decrease in the blood flow volume Q which elicits a simultaneous decrease in the blood flow velocity V clinically observable in filling delay into the choriocapillaris on ICGA. An increase in the static blood pressure P will simultaneously occur in venules in accord with Bernoulli’s Principle. <b>Conclusions:</b> A decrease in the blood flow velocity in the choriocapillaris due to its hyperpermeability will hydrodynamically elicit an increase in the blood pressure in venules. This blood pressure rise may expand Sattler and Haller veins, forming pachyveins. The primary lesion of PSD can be in pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/17/5247central serous chorioretinopathypachyveinspachychoroidBernoulli’s Principle |
| spellingShingle | Okihiro Nishi Tsutomu Yasukawa Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Clinical Findings in Pachychoroid-Spectrum Diseases Journal of Clinical Medicine central serous chorioretinopathy pachyveins pachychoroid Bernoulli’s Principle |
| title | Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Clinical Findings in Pachychoroid-Spectrum Diseases |
| title_full | Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Clinical Findings in Pachychoroid-Spectrum Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Clinical Findings in Pachychoroid-Spectrum Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Clinical Findings in Pachychoroid-Spectrum Diseases |
| title_short | Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Clinical Findings in Pachychoroid-Spectrum Diseases |
| title_sort | hydrodynamic analysis of the clinical findings in pachychoroid spectrum diseases |
| topic | central serous chorioretinopathy pachyveins pachychoroid Bernoulli’s Principle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/17/5247 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT okihironishi hydrodynamicanalysisoftheclinicalfindingsinpachychoroidspectrumdiseases AT tsutomuyasukawa hydrodynamicanalysisoftheclinicalfindingsinpachychoroidspectrumdiseases |