Dietary Salicornia ramosissima improves the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) inflammatory response against Photobacterium damselae piscicida
IntroductionModern fish farming faces challenges in sourcing feed ingredients, most related with their prices, 21 availability, and specifically for plant protein sources, competition for the limited cultivation space for 22 vegetable crops. In that sense, halophytes have the added value of being ri...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342144/full |
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| author | Marina Machado Francisco Cruz Francisco Cruz André Cunha André Cunha Lourenço Ramos-Pinto Adriana Laranjeira Mário Pacheco Rui J. M. Rocha Benjamín Costas Benjamín Costas |
| author_facet | Marina Machado Francisco Cruz Francisco Cruz André Cunha André Cunha Lourenço Ramos-Pinto Adriana Laranjeira Mário Pacheco Rui J. M. Rocha Benjamín Costas Benjamín Costas |
| author_sort | Marina Machado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionModern fish farming faces challenges in sourcing feed ingredients, most related with their prices, 21 availability, and specifically for plant protein sources, competition for the limited cultivation space for 22 vegetable crops. In that sense, halophytes have the added value of being rich in valuable bioactive compounds and salt tolerant. This study assessed the inclusion of non-food fractions of S. ramosissima in European seabass diets.MethodsDifferent levels (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) were incorporated into seabass diets, replacing wheat meal (diets ST2.5, ST5, and ST10) or without inclusion (CTRL). Experimental diets were administered to seabass juveniles (8.62 ± 0.63 g) for 34 and 62 days and subsequent inflammatory responses to a heat-inactivated Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) were evaluated in a time-course manner (4, 24, 48, and 72 h after the challenge). At each sampling point, seabass haematological profile, plasma immune parameters, and head-kidney immune-related gene expression were evaluated.ResultsAfter both feeding periods, most parameters remained unaltered by S. ramosissima inclusion; nonetheless, seabass fed ST10 showed an upregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor 1 (mcsf1r1) and cluster of differentiation 8 (cd8β) compared with those fed CTRL after 62 days of feeding. Regarding the inflammatory response, seabass fed ST10 showed lower plasma lysozyme levels than their counterparts fed ST2.5 and ST5 at 24 h following injection, while 4 h after the inflammatory stimulus, seabass fed ST10 presented higher numbers of peritoneal leucocytes than fish fed CTRL. Moreover, at 4 h, fish fed ST2.5, ST5, and ST10 showed a higher expression of interleukin 1β (il1β), while fish fed ST5 showed higher levels of ornithine decarboxylase (odc) than those fed CTRL. An upregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor 1 (mcsf1r1) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) was also observed at 72 h in fish fed ST10 or ST5 and ST10 compared with CTRL, respectively.DiscussionIn conclusion, incorporating up to 10% of the non-food fraction S. ramosissima in feed did not compromise seabass growth or immune status after 62 days, aligning with circular economy principles. However, S. ramosissima inclusion improved the leucocyte response and upregulated key immune-related genes in seabass challenged with an inactivated pathogen. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T16:22:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c23e0254397c44188a89befe2487ac80 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T16:22:59Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c23e0254397c44188a89befe2487ac802024-03-04T04:16:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-03-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.13421441342144Dietary Salicornia ramosissima improves the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) inflammatory response against Photobacterium damselae piscicidaMarina Machado0Francisco Cruz1Francisco Cruz2André Cunha3André Cunha4Lourenço Ramos-Pinto5Adriana Laranjeira6Mário Pacheco7Rui J. M. Rocha8Benjamín Costas9Benjamín Costas10Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, PortugalEscola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar de Peniche, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, PortugalSchool of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Porto, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, PortugalRiasearch, Lda., Murtosa, PortugalCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, PortugalRiasearch, Lda., Murtosa, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, PortugalSchool of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Porto, PortugalIntroductionModern fish farming faces challenges in sourcing feed ingredients, most related with their prices, 21 availability, and specifically for plant protein sources, competition for the limited cultivation space for 22 vegetable crops. In that sense, halophytes have the added value of being rich in valuable bioactive compounds and salt tolerant. This study assessed the inclusion of non-food fractions of S. ramosissima in European seabass diets.MethodsDifferent levels (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) were incorporated into seabass diets, replacing wheat meal (diets ST2.5, ST5, and ST10) or without inclusion (CTRL). Experimental diets were administered to seabass juveniles (8.62 ± 0.63 g) for 34 and 62 days and subsequent inflammatory responses to a heat-inactivated Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) were evaluated in a time-course manner (4, 24, 48, and 72 h after the challenge). At each sampling point, seabass haematological profile, plasma immune parameters, and head-kidney immune-related gene expression were evaluated.ResultsAfter both feeding periods, most parameters remained unaltered by S. ramosissima inclusion; nonetheless, seabass fed ST10 showed an upregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor 1 (mcsf1r1) and cluster of differentiation 8 (cd8β) compared with those fed CTRL after 62 days of feeding. Regarding the inflammatory response, seabass fed ST10 showed lower plasma lysozyme levels than their counterparts fed ST2.5 and ST5 at 24 h following injection, while 4 h after the inflammatory stimulus, seabass fed ST10 presented higher numbers of peritoneal leucocytes than fish fed CTRL. Moreover, at 4 h, fish fed ST2.5, ST5, and ST10 showed a higher expression of interleukin 1β (il1β), while fish fed ST5 showed higher levels of ornithine decarboxylase (odc) than those fed CTRL. An upregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor 1 (mcsf1r1) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) was also observed at 72 h in fish fed ST10 or ST5 and ST10 compared with CTRL, respectively.DiscussionIn conclusion, incorporating up to 10% of the non-food fraction S. ramosissima in feed did not compromise seabass growth or immune status after 62 days, aligning with circular economy principles. However, S. ramosissima inclusion improved the leucocyte response and upregulated key immune-related genes in seabass challenged with an inactivated pathogen.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342144/fullaquaculturesustainabilityphagocytesmolecular immunologynutritional immunology |
| spellingShingle | Marina Machado Francisco Cruz Francisco Cruz André Cunha André Cunha Lourenço Ramos-Pinto Adriana Laranjeira Mário Pacheco Rui J. M. Rocha Benjamín Costas Benjamín Costas Dietary Salicornia ramosissima improves the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) inflammatory response against Photobacterium damselae piscicida Frontiers in Immunology aquaculture sustainability phagocytes molecular immunology nutritional immunology |
| title | Dietary Salicornia ramosissima improves the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) inflammatory response against Photobacterium damselae piscicida |
| title_full | Dietary Salicornia ramosissima improves the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) inflammatory response against Photobacterium damselae piscicida |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Salicornia ramosissima improves the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) inflammatory response against Photobacterium damselae piscicida |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Salicornia ramosissima improves the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) inflammatory response against Photobacterium damselae piscicida |
| title_short | Dietary Salicornia ramosissima improves the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) inflammatory response against Photobacterium damselae piscicida |
| title_sort | dietary salicornia ramosissima improves the european seabass dicentrarchus labrax inflammatory response against photobacterium damselae piscicida |
| topic | aquaculture sustainability phagocytes molecular immunology nutritional immunology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342144/full |
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