Modeling the Enhanced Efficacy and Curing Depth of Photo-Thermal Dual Polymerization in Metal (Fe) Polymer Composites for 3D Printing
This article presents, for the first time, the efficacy and curing depth analysis of photo-thermal dual polymerization in metal (Fe) polymer composites for 3D printing of a three-component (A/B/M) system based on the proposed mechanism of our group, in which the co initiators A and B are Irgacure-36...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/6/1158 |
| _version_ | 1797443250659786752 |
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| author | Jui-Teng Lin Yi-Ze Lee Jacques Lalevee Chia-Hung Kao Kuan-Han Lin Da-Chuan Cheng |
| author_facet | Jui-Teng Lin Yi-Ze Lee Jacques Lalevee Chia-Hung Kao Kuan-Han Lin Da-Chuan Cheng |
| author_sort | Jui-Teng Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article presents, for the first time, the efficacy and curing depth analysis of photo-thermal dual polymerization in metal (Fe) polymer composites for 3D printing of a three-component (A/B/M) system based on the proposed mechanism of our group, in which the co initiators A and B are Irgacure-369 and charge–transfer complexes (CTC), respectively, and the monomer M is filled by Fe. Our formulas show the depth of curing (Zc) is an increasing function of the light intensity, but a decreasing function of the Fe and photoinitiator concentrations. Zc is enhanced by the additive [B], which produces extra thermal radical for polymerization under high temperature. The heat (or temperature) increase in the system has two components: (i) due to the light absorption of Fe filler and (ii) heat released from the exothermic photopolymerization of the monomer. The heat is transported to the additive (or co-initiator) [B] to produce extra radicals and enhance the monomer conversion function (CF). The Fe filler leads to a temperature increase but also limits the light penetration, leading to lower CF and Zc, which could be overcome by the additive initiator [B] in thick polymers. Optimal Fe for maximal CF and Zc are explored theoretically. Measured data are analyzed based on our derived formulas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:53:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c2413eddb1484e23ace64d3b1243e913 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:53:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-c2413eddb1484e23ace64d3b1243e9132023-11-30T22:03:21ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-03-01146115810.3390/polym14061158Modeling the Enhanced Efficacy and Curing Depth of Photo-Thermal Dual Polymerization in Metal (Fe) Polymer Composites for 3D PrintingJui-Teng Lin0Yi-Ze Lee1Jacques Lalevee2Chia-Hung Kao3Kuan-Han Lin4Da-Chuan Cheng5Medical Photon Inc., New Taipei City 242, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, TaiwanCNRS, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, FranceDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 400, TaiwanDepartment of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung City 413, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 400, TaiwanThis article presents, for the first time, the efficacy and curing depth analysis of photo-thermal dual polymerization in metal (Fe) polymer composites for 3D printing of a three-component (A/B/M) system based on the proposed mechanism of our group, in which the co initiators A and B are Irgacure-369 and charge–transfer complexes (CTC), respectively, and the monomer M is filled by Fe. Our formulas show the depth of curing (Zc) is an increasing function of the light intensity, but a decreasing function of the Fe and photoinitiator concentrations. Zc is enhanced by the additive [B], which produces extra thermal radical for polymerization under high temperature. The heat (or temperature) increase in the system has two components: (i) due to the light absorption of Fe filler and (ii) heat released from the exothermic photopolymerization of the monomer. The heat is transported to the additive (or co-initiator) [B] to produce extra radicals and enhance the monomer conversion function (CF). The Fe filler leads to a temperature increase but also limits the light penetration, leading to lower CF and Zc, which could be overcome by the additive initiator [B] in thick polymers. Optimal Fe for maximal CF and Zc are explored theoretically. Measured data are analyzed based on our derived formulas.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/6/1158polymerization kineticsmonomer conversionmetal composited3D printingadditive manufacturing |
| spellingShingle | Jui-Teng Lin Yi-Ze Lee Jacques Lalevee Chia-Hung Kao Kuan-Han Lin Da-Chuan Cheng Modeling the Enhanced Efficacy and Curing Depth of Photo-Thermal Dual Polymerization in Metal (Fe) Polymer Composites for 3D Printing Polymers polymerization kinetics monomer conversion metal composited 3D printing additive manufacturing |
| title | Modeling the Enhanced Efficacy and Curing Depth of Photo-Thermal Dual Polymerization in Metal (Fe) Polymer Composites for 3D Printing |
| title_full | Modeling the Enhanced Efficacy and Curing Depth of Photo-Thermal Dual Polymerization in Metal (Fe) Polymer Composites for 3D Printing |
| title_fullStr | Modeling the Enhanced Efficacy and Curing Depth of Photo-Thermal Dual Polymerization in Metal (Fe) Polymer Composites for 3D Printing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling the Enhanced Efficacy and Curing Depth of Photo-Thermal Dual Polymerization in Metal (Fe) Polymer Composites for 3D Printing |
| title_short | Modeling the Enhanced Efficacy and Curing Depth of Photo-Thermal Dual Polymerization in Metal (Fe) Polymer Composites for 3D Printing |
| title_sort | modeling the enhanced efficacy and curing depth of photo thermal dual polymerization in metal fe polymer composites for 3d printing |
| topic | polymerization kinetics monomer conversion metal composited 3D printing additive manufacturing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/6/1158 |
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