Seasonal Single-Site Sampling Reveals Large Diversity of Marine Algal Toxins in Coastal Waters and Shellfish of New Caledonia (Southwestern Pacific)
Algal toxins pose a serious threat to human and coastal ecosystem health, even if their potential impacts are poorly documented in New Caledonia (NC). In this survey, bivalves and seawater (concentrated through passive samplers) from bays surrounding Noumea, NC, collected during the warm and cold se...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/11/642 |
| _version_ | 1797457639578271744 |
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| author | Manoëlla Sibat Tepoerau Mai Simon Tanniou Isabelle Biegala Philipp Hess Thierry Jauffrais |
| author_facet | Manoëlla Sibat Tepoerau Mai Simon Tanniou Isabelle Biegala Philipp Hess Thierry Jauffrais |
| author_sort | Manoëlla Sibat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Algal toxins pose a serious threat to human and coastal ecosystem health, even if their potential impacts are poorly documented in New Caledonia (NC). In this survey, bivalves and seawater (concentrated through passive samplers) from bays surrounding Noumea, NC, collected during the warm and cold seasons were analyzed for algal toxins using a multi-toxin screening approach. Several groups of marine microalgal toxins were detected for the first time in NC. Okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid-2 (AZA2), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), pinnatoxin-G (PnTX-G), and homo-yessotoxin (homo-YTX) were detected in seawater at higher levels during the summer. A more diversified toxin profile was found in shellfish with brevetoxin-3 (BTX3), gymnodimine-A (GYM-A), and 13-desmethyl spirolide-C (SPX1), being confirmed in addition to the five toxin groups also found in seawater. Diarrhetic and neurotoxic toxins did not exceed regulatory limits, but PnTX-G was present at up to the limit of the threshold recommended by the French Food Safety Authority (ANSES, 23 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>). In the present study, internationally regulated toxins of the AZA-, BTX-, and OA-groups by the Codex Alimentarius were detected in addition to five emerging toxin groups, indicating that algal toxins pose a potential risk for the consumers in NC or shellfish export. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:24:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c241ef22a5e64046a94a489a11f67952 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:24:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-c241ef22a5e64046a94a489a11f679522023-11-24T15:09:33ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-11-01151164210.3390/toxins15110642Seasonal Single-Site Sampling Reveals Large Diversity of Marine Algal Toxins in Coastal Waters and Shellfish of New Caledonia (Southwestern Pacific)Manoëlla Sibat0Tepoerau Mai1Simon Tanniou2Isabelle Biegala3Philipp Hess4Thierry Jauffrais5Ifremer, ODE/PHYTOX/METALG, Rue de l’île d’Yeu, F-44300 Nantes, FranceIfremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 98800 Nouméa, New CaledoniaIfremer, ODE/PHYTOX/METALG, Rue de l’île d’Yeu, F-44300 Nantes, FranceAix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, UM110, 13288 Marseille, FranceIfremer, ODE/PHYTOX/METALG, Rue de l’île d’Yeu, F-44300 Nantes, FranceIfremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 98800 Nouméa, New CaledoniaAlgal toxins pose a serious threat to human and coastal ecosystem health, even if their potential impacts are poorly documented in New Caledonia (NC). In this survey, bivalves and seawater (concentrated through passive samplers) from bays surrounding Noumea, NC, collected during the warm and cold seasons were analyzed for algal toxins using a multi-toxin screening approach. Several groups of marine microalgal toxins were detected for the first time in NC. Okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid-2 (AZA2), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), pinnatoxin-G (PnTX-G), and homo-yessotoxin (homo-YTX) were detected in seawater at higher levels during the summer. A more diversified toxin profile was found in shellfish with brevetoxin-3 (BTX3), gymnodimine-A (GYM-A), and 13-desmethyl spirolide-C (SPX1), being confirmed in addition to the five toxin groups also found in seawater. Diarrhetic and neurotoxic toxins did not exceed regulatory limits, but PnTX-G was present at up to the limit of the threshold recommended by the French Food Safety Authority (ANSES, 23 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>). In the present study, internationally regulated toxins of the AZA-, BTX-, and OA-groups by the Codex Alimentarius were detected in addition to five emerging toxin groups, indicating that algal toxins pose a potential risk for the consumers in NC or shellfish export.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/11/642passive samplingsolid-phase adsorption toxin trackingshellfishmass spectrometryNew Caledoniacyclic imine |
| spellingShingle | Manoëlla Sibat Tepoerau Mai Simon Tanniou Isabelle Biegala Philipp Hess Thierry Jauffrais Seasonal Single-Site Sampling Reveals Large Diversity of Marine Algal Toxins in Coastal Waters and Shellfish of New Caledonia (Southwestern Pacific) Toxins passive sampling solid-phase adsorption toxin tracking shellfish mass spectrometry New Caledonia cyclic imine |
| title | Seasonal Single-Site Sampling Reveals Large Diversity of Marine Algal Toxins in Coastal Waters and Shellfish of New Caledonia (Southwestern Pacific) |
| title_full | Seasonal Single-Site Sampling Reveals Large Diversity of Marine Algal Toxins in Coastal Waters and Shellfish of New Caledonia (Southwestern Pacific) |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal Single-Site Sampling Reveals Large Diversity of Marine Algal Toxins in Coastal Waters and Shellfish of New Caledonia (Southwestern Pacific) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal Single-Site Sampling Reveals Large Diversity of Marine Algal Toxins in Coastal Waters and Shellfish of New Caledonia (Southwestern Pacific) |
| title_short | Seasonal Single-Site Sampling Reveals Large Diversity of Marine Algal Toxins in Coastal Waters and Shellfish of New Caledonia (Southwestern Pacific) |
| title_sort | seasonal single site sampling reveals large diversity of marine algal toxins in coastal waters and shellfish of new caledonia southwestern pacific |
| topic | passive sampling solid-phase adsorption toxin tracking shellfish mass spectrometry New Caledonia cyclic imine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/11/642 |
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