Heat Treatment Induced Structural Transformations and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Al<sub>21</sub>Co<sub>22</sub>Cr<sub>22</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ni<sub>22</sub> High-Entropy Coatings Produced by Non-Vacuum Electron Beam Cladding
In this study, Al<sub>21</sub>Co<sub>22</sub>Cr<sub>22</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ni<sub>22</sub> high-entropy coatings were produced on steel substrates by non-vacuum electron beam cladding of Co, Cr, and NiAl powders. The high-temperature oxidat...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/10/1689 |
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| author | Tatiana Ogneva Kemal Emurlaev Yulia Malyutina Evgeny Domarov Ivan Chakin Alexey Ruktuev Polina Riabinkina Aleksandr Yurgin Ivan Bataev |
| author_facet | Tatiana Ogneva Kemal Emurlaev Yulia Malyutina Evgeny Domarov Ivan Chakin Alexey Ruktuev Polina Riabinkina Aleksandr Yurgin Ivan Bataev |
| author_sort | Tatiana Ogneva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, Al<sub>21</sub>Co<sub>22</sub>Cr<sub>22</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ni<sub>22</sub> high-entropy coatings were produced on steel substrates by non-vacuum electron beam cladding of Co, Cr, and NiAl powders. The high-temperature oxidation behavior of the coatings was studied by holding the specimens at 900 °C in air. The microstructure and phase constitution of the samples were studied both in the as-cladded state and after the heat treatment. The microstructure was characterized using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to study the phase constitution of the coatings and the “coating-substrate” interface. The coating consisted of disordered bcc (A2), ordered bcc (B2), and disordered fcc (A1) phases. Annealing the coatings for 50 h at 900 °C led to the formation of fcc precipitates in the bcc dendritic grains and a mixture of fcc and σ-phase particles in the interdendritic regions. Needle-like nanosized B2-precipitates were formed due to annealing in the fcc grains at the coating/substrate interface. The microhardness at the top of the as-cladded coating was 585 HV and gradually decreased towards the substrate. A more uniform distribution of the microhardness was obtained after the annealing. Its average value was 441 HV. Rhomboid Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, needle-like Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and spinels of a different morphology were found on the surface of the samples after oxidation at 900 °C. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:03:58Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c244cf834339483b98cbae9357520c35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:03:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-c244cf834339483b98cbae9357520c352023-11-19T17:21:30ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012023-10-011310168910.3390/met13101689Heat Treatment Induced Structural Transformations and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Al<sub>21</sub>Co<sub>22</sub>Cr<sub>22</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ni<sub>22</sub> High-Entropy Coatings Produced by Non-Vacuum Electron Beam CladdingTatiana Ogneva0Kemal Emurlaev1Yulia Malyutina2Evgeny Domarov3Ivan Chakin4Alexey Ruktuev5Polina Riabinkina6Aleksandr Yurgin7Ivan Bataev8Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technologies, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave. 20, 630073 Novosibirsk, RussiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technologies, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave. 20, 630073 Novosibirsk, RussiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technologies, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave. 20, 630073 Novosibirsk, RussiaBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lavrentyev Ave. 11, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lavrentyev Ave. 11, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technologies, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave. 20, 630073 Novosibirsk, RussiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technologies, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave. 20, 630073 Novosibirsk, RussiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technologies, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave. 20, 630073 Novosibirsk, RussiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technologies, Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave. 20, 630073 Novosibirsk, RussiaIn this study, Al<sub>21</sub>Co<sub>22</sub>Cr<sub>22</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ni<sub>22</sub> high-entropy coatings were produced on steel substrates by non-vacuum electron beam cladding of Co, Cr, and NiAl powders. The high-temperature oxidation behavior of the coatings was studied by holding the specimens at 900 °C in air. The microstructure and phase constitution of the samples were studied both in the as-cladded state and after the heat treatment. The microstructure was characterized using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to study the phase constitution of the coatings and the “coating-substrate” interface. The coating consisted of disordered bcc (A2), ordered bcc (B2), and disordered fcc (A1) phases. Annealing the coatings for 50 h at 900 °C led to the formation of fcc precipitates in the bcc dendritic grains and a mixture of fcc and σ-phase particles in the interdendritic regions. Needle-like nanosized B2-precipitates were formed due to annealing in the fcc grains at the coating/substrate interface. The microhardness at the top of the as-cladded coating was 585 HV and gradually decreased towards the substrate. A more uniform distribution of the microhardness was obtained after the annealing. Its average value was 441 HV. Rhomboid Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, needle-like Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and spinels of a different morphology were found on the surface of the samples after oxidation at 900 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/10/1689HEAcoatingelectron beam claddingannealingstructureSEM |
| spellingShingle | Tatiana Ogneva Kemal Emurlaev Yulia Malyutina Evgeny Domarov Ivan Chakin Alexey Ruktuev Polina Riabinkina Aleksandr Yurgin Ivan Bataev Heat Treatment Induced Structural Transformations and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Al<sub>21</sub>Co<sub>22</sub>Cr<sub>22</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ni<sub>22</sub> High-Entropy Coatings Produced by Non-Vacuum Electron Beam Cladding Metals HEA coating electron beam cladding annealing structure SEM |
| title | Heat Treatment Induced Structural Transformations and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Al<sub>21</sub>Co<sub>22</sub>Cr<sub>22</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ni<sub>22</sub> High-Entropy Coatings Produced by Non-Vacuum Electron Beam Cladding |
| title_full | Heat Treatment Induced Structural Transformations and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Al<sub>21</sub>Co<sub>22</sub>Cr<sub>22</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ni<sub>22</sub> High-Entropy Coatings Produced by Non-Vacuum Electron Beam Cladding |
| title_fullStr | Heat Treatment Induced Structural Transformations and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Al<sub>21</sub>Co<sub>22</sub>Cr<sub>22</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ni<sub>22</sub> High-Entropy Coatings Produced by Non-Vacuum Electron Beam Cladding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heat Treatment Induced Structural Transformations and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Al<sub>21</sub>Co<sub>22</sub>Cr<sub>22</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ni<sub>22</sub> High-Entropy Coatings Produced by Non-Vacuum Electron Beam Cladding |
| title_short | Heat Treatment Induced Structural Transformations and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Al<sub>21</sub>Co<sub>22</sub>Cr<sub>22</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>Ni<sub>22</sub> High-Entropy Coatings Produced by Non-Vacuum Electron Beam Cladding |
| title_sort | heat treatment induced structural transformations and high temperature oxidation behavior of al sub 21 sub co sub 22 sub cr sub 22 sub fe sub 13 sub ni sub 22 sub high entropy coatings produced by non vacuum electron beam cladding |
| topic | HEA coating electron beam cladding annealing structure SEM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/10/1689 |
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