Entanglement of Genetics and Epigenetics in Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that progresses with age, with an increasing number of symptoms. Some of the efforts to understand PD progression have been focusing on the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms, that generally include small molecular modifications to the D...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00277/full |
| _version_ | 1828541321302769664 |
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| author | H. J. van Heesbeen Marten P. Smidt |
| author_facet | H. J. van Heesbeen Marten P. Smidt |
| author_sort | H. J. van Heesbeen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that progresses with age, with an increasing number of symptoms. Some of the efforts to understand PD progression have been focusing on the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms, that generally include small molecular modifications to the DNA and histones that are essential for regulating gene activity. Here, we have pointed out difficulties to untangle genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, and reviewed several studies that have aimed for untangling. Some of those have enabled more solid claims on independent roles for epigenetic mechanisms. Hereby, evidence that specific DNA hydroxymethylation, global hyperacetylation, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) dependent regulation of SNCA, one of the hallmark genes involved in PD, have become more prominent from the current perspective, than mechanisms that directly involve DNA methylation. In the absence of current epigenetic clinical targets to counteract PD progression, we also hypothesize how several mechanisms may affect local and global epigenetics in PD neurons, including inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy and DNA repair mechanisms which may lead to future therapeutic targets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T01:38:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c249d3ffc0304ae480576f2bc6a78dcb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T01:38:04Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-c249d3ffc0304ae480576f2bc6a78dcb2022-12-22T00:42:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2019-03-011310.3389/fnins.2019.00277416220Entanglement of Genetics and Epigenetics in Parkinson’s DiseaseH. J. van HeesbeenMarten P. SmidtParkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that progresses with age, with an increasing number of symptoms. Some of the efforts to understand PD progression have been focusing on the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms, that generally include small molecular modifications to the DNA and histones that are essential for regulating gene activity. Here, we have pointed out difficulties to untangle genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, and reviewed several studies that have aimed for untangling. Some of those have enabled more solid claims on independent roles for epigenetic mechanisms. Hereby, evidence that specific DNA hydroxymethylation, global hyperacetylation, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) dependent regulation of SNCA, one of the hallmark genes involved in PD, have become more prominent from the current perspective, than mechanisms that directly involve DNA methylation. In the absence of current epigenetic clinical targets to counteract PD progression, we also hypothesize how several mechanisms may affect local and global epigenetics in PD neurons, including inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy and DNA repair mechanisms which may lead to future therapeutic targets.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00277/fullParkinsonbraindevelopmentneurdegenerationgeneticsepigenetics |
| spellingShingle | H. J. van Heesbeen Marten P. Smidt Entanglement of Genetics and Epigenetics in Parkinson’s Disease Frontiers in Neuroscience Parkinson brain development neurdegeneration genetics epigenetics |
| title | Entanglement of Genetics and Epigenetics in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full | Entanglement of Genetics and Epigenetics in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Entanglement of Genetics and Epigenetics in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Entanglement of Genetics and Epigenetics in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_short | Entanglement of Genetics and Epigenetics in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_sort | entanglement of genetics and epigenetics in parkinson s disease |
| topic | Parkinson brain development neurdegeneration genetics epigenetics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00277/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hjvanheesbeen entanglementofgeneticsandepigeneticsinparkinsonsdisease AT martenpsmidt entanglementofgeneticsandepigeneticsinparkinsonsdisease |