Catalases in the pathogenesis of Sporothrix schenckii research
Pathogenic fungal infection success depends on the ability to escape the immune response. Most strategies for fungal infection control are focused on the inhibition of virulence factors and increasing the effectiveness of antifungal drugs. Nevertheless, little attention has been focused on their phy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/14478.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797425631737151488 |
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| author | Naurú Idalia Vargas-Maya Vianey Olmedo-Monfil Jorge Humberto Ramírez-Prado Ruth Reyes-Cortés Felipe Padilla-Vaca Bernardo Franco |
| author_facet | Naurú Idalia Vargas-Maya Vianey Olmedo-Monfil Jorge Humberto Ramírez-Prado Ruth Reyes-Cortés Felipe Padilla-Vaca Bernardo Franco |
| author_sort | Naurú Idalia Vargas-Maya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pathogenic fungal infection success depends on the ability to escape the immune response. Most strategies for fungal infection control are focused on the inhibition of virulence factors and increasing the effectiveness of antifungal drugs. Nevertheless, little attention has been focused on their physiological resistance to the host immune system. Hints may be found in pathogenic fungi that also inhabit the soil. In nature, the saprophyte lifestyle of fungi is also associated with predators that can induce oxidative stress upon cell damage. The natural sources of nutrients for fungi are linked to cellulose degradation, which in turn generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall, the antioxidant arsenal needed to thrive both in free-living and pathogenic lifestyles in fungi is fundamental for success. In this review, we present recent findings regarding catalases and oxidative stress in fungi and how these can be in close relationship with pathogenesis. Additionally, special focus is placed on catalases of Sporothrix schenckii as a pathogenic model with a dual lifestyle. It is assumed that catalase expression is activated upon exposure to H2O2, but there are reports where this is not always the case. Additionally, it may be relevant to consider the role of catalases in S. schenckii survival in the saprophytic lifestyle and why their study can assess their involvement in the survival and therefore, in the virulence phenotype of different species of Sporothrix and when each of the three catalases are required. Also, studying antioxidant mechanisms in other isolates of pathogenic and free-living fungi may be linked to the virulence phenotype and be potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Thus, the rationale for this review to place focus on fungal catalases and their role in pathogenesis in addition to counteracting the effect of immune system reactive oxygen species. Fungi that thrive in soil and have mammal hosts could shed light on the importance of these enzymes in the two types of lifestyles. We look forward to encouraging more research in a myriad of areas on catalase biology with a focus on basic and applied objectives and placing these enzymes as virulence determinants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:18:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c250864d39974840932c99610785b926 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:18:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-c250864d39974840932c99610785b9262023-12-02T21:55:07ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592022-12-0110e1447810.7717/peerj.14478Catalases in the pathogenesis of Sporothrix schenckii researchNaurú Idalia Vargas-Maya0Vianey Olmedo-Monfil1Jorge Humberto Ramírez-Prado2Ruth Reyes-Cortés3Felipe Padilla-Vaca4Bernardo Franco5Biology Department, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, MéxicoBiology Department, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, MéxicoUnidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatán, MéxicoBiology Department, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, MéxicoBiology Department, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, MéxicoBiology Department, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, MéxicoPathogenic fungal infection success depends on the ability to escape the immune response. Most strategies for fungal infection control are focused on the inhibition of virulence factors and increasing the effectiveness of antifungal drugs. Nevertheless, little attention has been focused on their physiological resistance to the host immune system. Hints may be found in pathogenic fungi that also inhabit the soil. In nature, the saprophyte lifestyle of fungi is also associated with predators that can induce oxidative stress upon cell damage. The natural sources of nutrients for fungi are linked to cellulose degradation, which in turn generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall, the antioxidant arsenal needed to thrive both in free-living and pathogenic lifestyles in fungi is fundamental for success. In this review, we present recent findings regarding catalases and oxidative stress in fungi and how these can be in close relationship with pathogenesis. Additionally, special focus is placed on catalases of Sporothrix schenckii as a pathogenic model with a dual lifestyle. It is assumed that catalase expression is activated upon exposure to H2O2, but there are reports where this is not always the case. Additionally, it may be relevant to consider the role of catalases in S. schenckii survival in the saprophytic lifestyle and why their study can assess their involvement in the survival and therefore, in the virulence phenotype of different species of Sporothrix and when each of the three catalases are required. Also, studying antioxidant mechanisms in other isolates of pathogenic and free-living fungi may be linked to the virulence phenotype and be potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Thus, the rationale for this review to place focus on fungal catalases and their role in pathogenesis in addition to counteracting the effect of immune system reactive oxygen species. Fungi that thrive in soil and have mammal hosts could shed light on the importance of these enzymes in the two types of lifestyles. We look forward to encouraging more research in a myriad of areas on catalase biology with a focus on basic and applied objectives and placing these enzymes as virulence determinants.https://peerj.com/articles/14478.pdfFungal catalaseVirulence determinantSporothrix schenckiiReactive oxygen speciesInnate immunity |
| spellingShingle | Naurú Idalia Vargas-Maya Vianey Olmedo-Monfil Jorge Humberto Ramírez-Prado Ruth Reyes-Cortés Felipe Padilla-Vaca Bernardo Franco Catalases in the pathogenesis of Sporothrix schenckii research PeerJ Fungal catalase Virulence determinant Sporothrix schenckii Reactive oxygen species Innate immunity |
| title | Catalases in the pathogenesis of Sporothrix schenckii research |
| title_full | Catalases in the pathogenesis of Sporothrix schenckii research |
| title_fullStr | Catalases in the pathogenesis of Sporothrix schenckii research |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catalases in the pathogenesis of Sporothrix schenckii research |
| title_short | Catalases in the pathogenesis of Sporothrix schenckii research |
| title_sort | catalases in the pathogenesis of sporothrix schenckii research |
| topic | Fungal catalase Virulence determinant Sporothrix schenckii Reactive oxygen species Innate immunity |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/14478.pdf |
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