Cytokines That Serve as Embryokines in Cattle
The term “embryokine” has been used to denote molecules produced by the endometrium, oviduct, or by embryo itself that will influence embryo development. Several cytokines have been identified as embryokines in cattle and other mammals. This review will describe how these cytokines function as embry...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/8/2313 |
| _version_ | 1797524931601235968 |
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| author | Alan D. Ealy Savannah L. Speckhart Lydia K. Wooldridge |
| author_facet | Alan D. Ealy Savannah L. Speckhart Lydia K. Wooldridge |
| author_sort | Alan D. Ealy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The term “embryokine” has been used to denote molecules produced by the endometrium, oviduct, or by embryo itself that will influence embryo development. Several cytokines have been identified as embryokines in cattle and other mammals. This review will describe how these cytokines function as embryokines, with special emphasis being placed on their actions on in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos. Embryokines are being explored for their ability to overcome the poor development rates of IVP embryos and to limit post-transfer pregnancy retention efficiencies that exist in IVP embryos. This review will focus on describing two of the best-characterized cytokines, colony-stimulating factor 2 and interleukin 6, for their ability to modify bovine embryo quality and confirmation, promote normal fetal development, and generate healthy calves. Additional cytokines will also be discussed for their potential to serve as embryokines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:04:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c2644aa77a1a4498989925ed6c5581e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:04:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-c2644aa77a1a4498989925ed6c5581e12023-11-22T06:30:19ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-08-01118231310.3390/ani11082313Cytokines That Serve as Embryokines in CattleAlan D. Ealy0Savannah L. Speckhart1Lydia K. Wooldridge2Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USAThe Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USAThe term “embryokine” has been used to denote molecules produced by the endometrium, oviduct, or by embryo itself that will influence embryo development. Several cytokines have been identified as embryokines in cattle and other mammals. This review will describe how these cytokines function as embryokines, with special emphasis being placed on their actions on in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos. Embryokines are being explored for their ability to overcome the poor development rates of IVP embryos and to limit post-transfer pregnancy retention efficiencies that exist in IVP embryos. This review will focus on describing two of the best-characterized cytokines, colony-stimulating factor 2 and interleukin 6, for their ability to modify bovine embryo quality and confirmation, promote normal fetal development, and generate healthy calves. Additional cytokines will also be discussed for their potential to serve as embryokines.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/8/2313bovine embryoblastocystpregnancyembryokinecytokine |
| spellingShingle | Alan D. Ealy Savannah L. Speckhart Lydia K. Wooldridge Cytokines That Serve as Embryokines in Cattle Animals bovine embryo blastocyst pregnancy embryokine cytokine |
| title | Cytokines That Serve as Embryokines in Cattle |
| title_full | Cytokines That Serve as Embryokines in Cattle |
| title_fullStr | Cytokines That Serve as Embryokines in Cattle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytokines That Serve as Embryokines in Cattle |
| title_short | Cytokines That Serve as Embryokines in Cattle |
| title_sort | cytokines that serve as embryokines in cattle |
| topic | bovine embryo blastocyst pregnancy embryokine cytokine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/8/2313 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alandealy cytokinesthatserveasembryokinesincattle AT savannahlspeckhart cytokinesthatserveasembryokinesincattle AT lydiakwooldridge cytokinesthatserveasembryokinesincattle |