Precise Point Positioning with Almost Fully Deployed BDS-3, BDS-2, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS Using Precise Products from Different Analysis Centers
The space segment of all the five satellite systems capable of providing precise position services, namely BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) (including BDS-3 and BDS-2), Global Positioning System (GPS), GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS), Galileo and Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (Q...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3905 |
| _version_ | 1797515804403564544 |
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| author | Xuanping Li Lin Pan |
| author_facet | Xuanping Li Lin Pan |
| author_sort | Xuanping Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The space segment of all the five satellite systems capable of providing precise position services, namely BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) (including BDS-3 and BDS-2), Global Positioning System (GPS), GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS), Galileo and Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), has almost been fully deployed at present, and the number of available satellites is approximately 136. Currently, the precise satellite orbit and clock products from the analysis centers European Space Agency (ESA), GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) and Wuhan University (WHU) can support all five satellite systems. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the positioning performance of a five-system integrated precise point positioning (PPP) (i.e., GRECJ-PPP) using the precise products from different analysis centers under the current constellation status. It should be noted that this study only focuses on the long-term performance of PPP based on daily observations. The static GRECJ-PPP can provide a convergence time of 5.9–6.9/2.6–3.1/6.3–7.1 min and a positioning accuracy of 0.2–0.3/0.2–0.3/1.0–1.1 cm in east/north/up directions, respectively, while the corresponding kinematic statistics are 6.8–8.6/3.3–4.0/7.8–8.1 min and 1.0–1.1/0.8/2.5–2.6 cm in three directions, respectively. For completeness, although the real-time precise products from the analysis center Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) do not incorporate QZSS satellites, the performance of real-time PPP with the other four satellite systems (i.e., GREC-PPP) is also analyzed. The real-time GREC-PPP can achieve a static convergence time of 8.7/5.2/11.2 min, a static positioning accuracy of 0.6/0.8/1.3 cm, a kinematic convergence time of 11.5/6.9/13.0 min, and a kinematic positioning accuracy of 1.7/1.6/3.6 cm in the three directions, respectively. For comparison, the results of single-system and dual-system PPP are also provided. In addition, the consistency of the precise products from different analysis centers is characterized. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:53:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c273df02b9834d2ea981c1868dce40b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:53:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-c273df02b9834d2ea981c1868dce40b72023-11-22T16:42:36ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-09-011319390510.3390/rs13193905Precise Point Positioning with Almost Fully Deployed BDS-3, BDS-2, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS Using Precise Products from Different Analysis CentersXuanping Li0Lin Pan1School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaThe space segment of all the five satellite systems capable of providing precise position services, namely BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) (including BDS-3 and BDS-2), Global Positioning System (GPS), GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS), Galileo and Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), has almost been fully deployed at present, and the number of available satellites is approximately 136. Currently, the precise satellite orbit and clock products from the analysis centers European Space Agency (ESA), GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) and Wuhan University (WHU) can support all five satellite systems. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the positioning performance of a five-system integrated precise point positioning (PPP) (i.e., GRECJ-PPP) using the precise products from different analysis centers under the current constellation status. It should be noted that this study only focuses on the long-term performance of PPP based on daily observations. The static GRECJ-PPP can provide a convergence time of 5.9–6.9/2.6–3.1/6.3–7.1 min and a positioning accuracy of 0.2–0.3/0.2–0.3/1.0–1.1 cm in east/north/up directions, respectively, while the corresponding kinematic statistics are 6.8–8.6/3.3–4.0/7.8–8.1 min and 1.0–1.1/0.8/2.5–2.6 cm in three directions, respectively. For completeness, although the real-time precise products from the analysis center Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) do not incorporate QZSS satellites, the performance of real-time PPP with the other four satellite systems (i.e., GREC-PPP) is also analyzed. The real-time GREC-PPP can achieve a static convergence time of 8.7/5.2/11.2 min, a static positioning accuracy of 0.6/0.8/1.3 cm, a kinematic convergence time of 11.5/6.9/13.0 min, and a kinematic positioning accuracy of 1.7/1.6/3.6 cm in the three directions, respectively. For comparison, the results of single-system and dual-system PPP are also provided. In addition, the consistency of the precise products from different analysis centers is characterized.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3905precise point positioningmulti-constellation integrationreal-time position solutionspost-processed position solutionsprecise satellite productsconsistency |
| spellingShingle | Xuanping Li Lin Pan Precise Point Positioning with Almost Fully Deployed BDS-3, BDS-2, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS Using Precise Products from Different Analysis Centers Remote Sensing precise point positioning multi-constellation integration real-time position solutions post-processed position solutions precise satellite products consistency |
| title | Precise Point Positioning with Almost Fully Deployed BDS-3, BDS-2, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS Using Precise Products from Different Analysis Centers |
| title_full | Precise Point Positioning with Almost Fully Deployed BDS-3, BDS-2, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS Using Precise Products from Different Analysis Centers |
| title_fullStr | Precise Point Positioning with Almost Fully Deployed BDS-3, BDS-2, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS Using Precise Products from Different Analysis Centers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Precise Point Positioning with Almost Fully Deployed BDS-3, BDS-2, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS Using Precise Products from Different Analysis Centers |
| title_short | Precise Point Positioning with Almost Fully Deployed BDS-3, BDS-2, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS Using Precise Products from Different Analysis Centers |
| title_sort | precise point positioning with almost fully deployed bds 3 bds 2 gps glonass galileo and qzss using precise products from different analysis centers |
| topic | precise point positioning multi-constellation integration real-time position solutions post-processed position solutions precise satellite products consistency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3905 |
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